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AP US History > Period 1: 1491-1607 > Flashcards

Period 1: 1491-1607 Flashcards

1
Q

name 4 societies of the southwest

A
  • Pueblo
  • Anasazi
  • Zunis
  • Hopis
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2
Q

where Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico meet

A

The Four Corners

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3
Q

why were the Pueblos weakened to European contact?

A

They were forced to move out of their sophisticated towns and join other groups when a volcano erupted.

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4
Q

name 3 societies of the Great Basin/Great Plains

A
  • Shoshone
  • Paiute
  • Ute
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5
Q

What is the Great Basin

A

area between the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada Mountains

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6
Q

what is Desert Culture

A
  • Great Basin
  • Seasonable mobility
  • Basket weaving
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7
Q

name 2 societies of the East

A
  • Algonquian
  • iroquois
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8
Q

Tribes that settled in the Southwest; had culture based on farming & irrigation systems with permanent buildings

A

Anasazi and Pueblo

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9
Q

Northwestern tribes…

A

Lived in permanent longhouses that had a rich diet based on hunting & fishing

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10
Q

the Great Plains Indians are…

A

Tribe that was
- nomadic OR farmers/traders
- hunted buffalo
-raised maize, beans & squash

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11
Q

Where did the Pueblo live?

A

Now Utah and Colorado

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12
Q

what made the Pueblo unique?

A
  • Irrigation systems
  • Small urban centers
  • Cliff dwellings
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13
Q

The Chumash…

A
  • Built cities with more than a thousand people
  • Participated in regional trade systems
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14
Q

The Cahokia…

A
  • Had a centralized government
  • lived in the Mississippi pi river valley
  • were farmers
  • 10-30 000 people
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15
Q

The American Indians…

A
  • developed distinct societies
  • were affected by their environments
  • used vast trading networks
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16
Q

Why did the Europeans seek out new trade routes?

A
  • Asian trade routes were controlled by the muslims
17
Q

Define “Trading Post Empire”

A

Controlling trade routes instead of territories or people.
forcing vessels to dock at your post and pay duties.

18
Q

Who built the first Trading Post Empire?

A

Portugal in the Indian Ocean.

19
Q

Name new maritime tech:

A
  • Updated astronomical charts
  • Smaller/faster ship designs
  • Latine sail
  • Stern-Post ruter
20
Q

What is the Colombian Exchange?

A

The transfer of people, animals and diseases from the East to the West and the West to the East

21
Q

What foods were exchanged from the Americas to Europe?

A

Potatoes
Tomatoes
Maize
Turkey

22
Q

What foods were exchanged from Europe to the Americas?

A

Wheat
Rice
Soybeans
Cows
Pigs
Horses

23
Q

Most important European exchanges:

A
  • People (Europeans)
  • People (Africans)
  • Disease
24
Q

Define Feudalism

A

Peasants live/work on a noble’s land in exchange for the noble’s protection

25
Q

What effect did American wealth have on European society/econ.?

A

Feudalism shifted into Capitalism

26
Q

What is a Joint-Stock company?

A

A limited liability org. in which a plurality of investors pool their money to fund ventures

27
Q

What did the Spanish think could make them the most money?

A

Agriculture

28
Q

What is the Encomienda System/

A
  • Colonial labour system
  • the Spanish (encomenderos) enslaved native people to farm and mine in the Americas
29
Q

What were the problems with Encomienda?

A
  1. Trouble keeping the natives under control
  2. Natives kept dying from Small Pox
30
Q

What was the solution to Encomienda problems?

A

importation of African Slave labourers

31
Q

Why were Africans a better option for encomienda compared to natives?

A
  • Did not know the geography
  • less likely to escape
  • more immune to European diseases
32
Q

How did the Spanish reorder South American society?

A
  • introduced new social class system (casta system)
33
Q

What is the order of the casta system?

A
  1. peninsulares (spanish born in Spain)
  2. Criollos (spanish born in Americas)
  3. Castas (mixed)
  4. Africans
  5. Native Americans
34
Q

define Mulattoe:

A

mixed African and Spanish

35
Q

define mestizo:

A

mixed Native and Spanish

36
Q

What did Spulveda argue?

A

Natives are less than human and benefited from harsh labour conditions

37
Q

what did Las Casas believe?

A

The Natives humanity was worthy of defence (persuaded king to end native slavery)

AP US History (9 decks)

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