Period 2: 1607-1754 Patterns of Empire and Resistance

Question 1

Repartimiento system

Answer 1

replace encomienda system
banned Indian slavery now had wages
Many colonies replaced Indians with African slave labor

Question 2

Viceroyalty of New Spain

Answer 2

Northern portion of Spanish America empire
in mexico city

Question 3

Viceroyalty of Peru

Answer 3

southern portion of spanish america empire

Question 4

How did the goal to spread catholicism evolve in Spanish America?

Answer 4

Indians often accepted Jesus
interwove catholic practices with their traditions
reshaped catholic practices

Question 5

What was France’s relationship with native americans like?

Answer 5

-good relationship, relied on diplomacy w American Indian groups bc had few actual colonists in new world
-gave and recieved gifts (wampum belts)
-mixed lots of elements like religious practices, clothing, fort and trading post

Question 6

Métis of French colonies

Answer 6

children of French intermarriage with American Indians (metis=mixed)

Question 7

Dutch presence in the Americas

Answer 7

hard to get land because often beaten by rival European powers
-treaty of Breda allowed to capture British colony SURINAM after Second Anglo-Dutch War

Question 8

Dutch expansion after capturing Surinam

Answer 8

expedition to N America…
1. funded by Dutch East India Company (joint stock)
2. led by HENRY HUDSON
results…
didn’t find a passage to Asia
reported an abundance of timber, fertile lands, and fur so were interested!
expanded and settled. most important was in New Amsterdam

Question 9

economy of New Amsterdam

Answer 9

brought african slaves to address colonies’ labor shortage and became center of thriving trade in…
-beaver furs

Question 10

what is the “$24 Deal”?

Answer 10

Peter Minuit’s purchase of the island of Manhattan for goods estimated to be worth $24

Question 11

how did New Amsterdam become New York?

Answer 11

1. thrived under Peter Stuyvesant
2. King Charles ll of England wanted “Dutch wedge” (divided England’s landholding in the US)
3. The king sent warships and Stuyvesant surrendered
4. king gave the colony to James, the Duke of York who renamed it NEW YORK

Question 12

the “starving time’

Answer 12

when first settlers arrived in Jamestown, didn’t plant crops and many died, “starving time” was the winter of 1609-1610

Question 13

who was tobacco hugely profitable for?

Answer 13

Chesapeake Bay

Question 14

john rolfe

Answer 14

began experimenting with growing tobacco and made it profitable in Jamestown

Question 15

jamestown’s relations with local american indians

Answer 15

deterioated rapidly in early years of colony
1. powhatan (father of pocahontas) traded corn w settlers
2. then they couldn’t supply corn anymore and english initiated raids on them
3. they faught back
in the end…
worsened relationships between american indians and white settlers

Question 16

Puritanism

Answer 16

beliefs of English protestants who wanted the church of England to be “purified” of catholic practices

some went further and became “separatists” who argued for complete separation from church

*Protestant reformation**
inspiration from calvinism

Question 17

the “great migration”

Answer 17

more than 20k settlers came to the Massachusetts bay colony
families
wanted to build communities and were willing to labor

Question 18

roger williams

Answer 18

founded rhode island which had separation of church and state in governance
he was concerned w puritan’s mistreatment toward natives and so he fled to create new colony

Question 19

halfway covenant

Answer 19

concerns about decline of Puritan zeal led to this establishment
now, candidates for membership in the congregational church (puritan church) didn’t have to show they had undergone a conversion experience

Question 20

headright system

Answer 20

for each person brought or came to america you get 50 acres of land
- encouraged ppl to travel to america
- first steps towards slavery
(indentured servants)

Question 21

salutary neglect!!!

Answer 21

ignoring your colony
(led to whole indepence movement)

Question 22

albany plan

Answer 22

1. snake broken image “join or die”
   -propoganda
2. calls for a conference to unite the colonies against france
   -early sign of colonial unity

Question 23

french and Indian war

Answer 23

war fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
1. (7 years war)

Question 24

result of war: ENGLAND

Answer 24

1. expanded territory
2. debt
3. resentment and contempt
4. increasing authority

Question 25

results of war: americas

Answer 25

1. united (fighting common enemy; french)
2. westward expansion
3. new colonial leadership; patrick henry, thomas jefferson, george washington

Question 26

CAUSES of american independence movemetn

Answer 26

1. Mercantilism
2. Enlightenment Ideas
3. Restrictive Laws passed by British
4. Great Awakening
5. Population Explosion and experiences of colonial self-rule
6. French and Indian War

Question 27

road to revolution

Answer 27

1. started w lexington and concord
2. battle at saratoga; turning point
3. yorktown, VA; final battle where colonies won