period 5 review

Question 1

new sects, inspired perfectionism, and created a religious revival.

Answer 1

three impacts of the Second Great Awakening

Question 2

three different abolitionists

Answer 2

William Lloyd Garrison
Federick Douglass
Harriet Beecher Stowe

Question 3

What is nativism?

Answer 3

Favoritism for native-born citizens over immigrants is known as nativism.

Question 4

the goal of the Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 4

sought to promote equal rights and women’s suffrage.

Question 5

What two groups immigrated in large numbers to America in the 1830s and 1840s?

Answer 5

Numerous German and Irish immigrants arrived. Germans often settled in the Midwest, whereas Irish people settled in places like Boston and New York.

Question 6

held that the United States’ spread across the continent was both inevitable and legitimate.

Answer 6

manifest destiny

Question 7

How did territorial expansion lead to debates over slavery?

Answer 7

The collapse of the Missouri Compromise in the recently annexed territories and the Kansas-Nebraska Act’s popular sovereignty provision led to debates

Question 8

What are examples of nativism faced by “Old” immigrants?

Answer 8

“Old” immigrants experienced anti-immigrant political parties and occupational discrimination due to nativist views.

Question 9

How did the government encourage westward expansion during the time period?

Answer 9

enacting laws like the Homestead Act, providing land to settlers, and providing funds for infrastructure like the transcontinental railroad, the government promoted westward migration.

Question 10

two examples of conflicts with Native Americans during this time period.

Answer 10

the Seminole Wars and the Sioux Wars.

Question 11

three ways abolitionists sought to achieve their goals?

Answer 11

Abolitionists employed strategies such as newspaper publication, boycott coordination, and providing assistance to runaway slaves via the Underground Railroad.

Question 12

How did the Mexican-American War contribute to tensions between the north and south?

Answer 12

Discussions over the spread of slavery into recently conquered areas, such as the Mexican Cession, were rekindled by the Mexican-American War.

Question 13

How did the South defend slavery?

Answer 13

Slavery was justified by the South as an important economic institution that was necessary to their wealth and way of life.

Question 14

how did Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the dred scott decision contribute to tensions over slavery?

Answer 14

Compromise of 1850: By granting popular sovereignty in some areas, the Compromise of 1850 increased tensions and sparked debates about whether slavery would be permitted in newly formed states.
Kansas-Nebraska Act: Violent conflicts erupted in Kansas after the Missouri Compromise was abolished and settlers were given the power to choose whether or not to practice slavery.
Dred Scott decision: Sectional tensions over slavery grew after the Dred Scott ruling, which said that African Americans were not citizens and could not file lawsuits in federal court.

Question 15

What was the purpose of John Brown’s raid at Harpers Ferry

Answer 15

was to spark a slave uprising. Its effect was to deepen divisions over slavery and to increase tensions between the North and the South.

Question 16

significance of the Election of 1860?

Answer 16

Fears of anti-slavery measures prompted the Southern states to secede after Lincoln won the 1860 election.

Question 17

What impact did the Emancipation Proclamation have on the Civil War

Answer 17

The Emancipation Proclamation gave the North a moral purpose and damaged the South’s economy by changing the war’s objectives to include the elimination of slavery.

Question 18

three reasons the Union succeeded in the Civil War?

Answer 18

Better industrial capacity, improved infrastructure, and strong leadership like Abraham Lincoln’s were all factors in the Union’s success.

Question 19

describe the 13, 14, and 15 amendments

Answer 19

13: The 13th Amendment abolished slavery
14: The 14th granted citizenship and equal protection
15: The 15th ensured voting rights regardless of race.

Question 20

impact did the 15th amendment have on the women’s rights movement?

Answer 20

The women’s rights movement became enraged with the 15th Amendment because it excluded gender equality from the right to vote.

Question 21

examples of African Americans gaining political opportunities during Reconstruction?

Answer 21

Thanks to the 15th Amendment, African Americans were able to participate in state legislatures during Reconstruction and occupy political seats.

Question 22

What does the word waning mean? What happened to the North’s resolve to continue with Reconstruction?

Answer 22

Waning is the opposite of growing. A combination of political exhaustion and growing hostility from Southern states caused the North’s decision to abandon Reconstruction.

Question 23

three ways Southern states limited the rights of African Americans?

Answer 23

Voting and civil rights were restricted by Black Codes, poll levies, and literacy exams in Southern states that restricted African American rights.

Question 24

Why did “Radical” Reconstruction occur?

Answer 24

“Radical” Reconstruction took place in order to penalize former Confederates and impose reforms in the South, including protecting African Americans’ civil rights.

Question 25

Reasons for westward migration (Manifest Destiny)

Answer 25

Access to natural and mineral resources, economic opportunities for settlers, religious refuge (Mormons).

Question 26

Arguments to annex western lands included

Answer 26

Manifest Destiny and American institutions (democracy)

Question 27

Impact US acquiring the Mexican Cession

Answer 27

Debates over the status of slavery (Wilmot Proviso), Native Americans, and Mexicans in the newly acquired land.

Question 28

How did the government encourage westward migration?

Answer 28

Passing new legislation (think Homestead Act) encouraging settlers to move west, government gave land and subsidies to RR companies.

Question 29

Goal of the Nativist Movement?

Answer 29

It was especially Anti-Catholic. The nativists hoped to limit the power and cultural influence of the immigrants (Irish and Germans).

Question 30

What was the free soil movement?

Answer 30

Sought to keep slavery from expanding into newly acquired territories.

Question 31

What were ways abolitionists campaigned against slavery?

Answer 31

Moral arguments (think William Lloyd Garrison), assisting slaves’ escapes (think Underground RR), using violence (think Bleeding-Kansas and Harpers Ferry).

Question 32

How did the South justify and defend slavery?

Answer 32

They claimed slavery was a positive good (John C. Calhoun).

Question 33

What was the Compromise of 1850?

Answer 33

Dealt with the Mexican Cession - popular sovereignty would be used in the territory, slave trade was banned in Washington D.C., California was added as a free state, a more strict fugitive slave law was created.

Question 34

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

Answer 34

Overturned the MO Compromise - introduced popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska. Helped lead to the creation of the Republican Party.

Question 35

What did the Supreme Court rule in Dred Scott v. Sanford?

Answer 35

Slaves were property, not citizens; Congress could NOT legislate slavery in the territories.

Question 36

What did Lincoln campaign on in the Election of 1860?

Answer 36

A free soil platform – non extension of slavery.

Question 37

How did Lincoln’s views towards the war change over time? –

Answer 37

Lincoln viewed the war initially as preserving the union, but eventually sought to end slavery -> Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address

Question 38

How did the Union ultimately prevail in the Civil War?

Answer 38

Improvements in leadership and strategy (Grant and the “Anaconda Plan”), Key Victories – Gettysburg and Antietam; Greater resources – more factories and RRs, the South’s infrastructure was destroyed.

Question 39

Why did the 15th amendment split the women’s rights movement?

Answer 39

Some women advocated suffrage be extended to women as well as African American males.

Question 40

Why did Reconstruction end? –

Answer 40

Compromise of 1877 withdrew troops from the South; The North’s WANING resolve led to many in the North to no longer support Reconstruction.

Question 41

What is sharecropping?

Answer 41

Renting of land to former slaves – limited economic opportunities to former slaves and poor whites in the south.

Question 42

What were ways the South resisted the 14th and 15th amendments? (Great Short Answer Question) –

Answer 42

Segregation – Jim Crow laws; Violence – KKK and White League; Supreme Court Decisions – Plessy v. Ferguson (“Separate but equal”); Local political tactics – poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses