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Cardio > Peripheral Vascular System Diseases and Assesments > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular System Diseases and Assesments Flashcards

1
Q

inflammation and occlusion affecting medium to large arteries

A

Atherosclerosis Obliterans

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2
Q

affectation of ASO

A

LE > UE

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3
Q

early warning sign of ASO

A

intermittent claudication

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4
Q

late sign of ASO

A

gangrene

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5
Q

pain distribution of vascular claudication

A

usually bilateral

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6
Q

pain distribution of neurogenic claudication

A

usually bilateral, may be unilateral

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7
Q

pain site in vascular claudication

A

calf

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8
Q

pain site in neurogenic claudication

A

back
buttocks
thigh
calves
feet

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9
Q

pain in vascular claudication presents

A

consistent in all spinal positions

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10
Q

pain in neurogenic claudication is aggravated by

A

spinal extension
walking

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11
Q

pain in neurogenic claudication is decreased by

A

spinal flexion
recumbency

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12
Q

pain in vascular claudication is relieved by

A

rest (1-5 mins)

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13
Q

distinguishing pain sensation in neurogenic claudication

A

burning and dysesthesia from back to buttocks and/or legs

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14
Q

pulses in vascular claudication

A

decreased or absent in LE

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15
Q

pulses in neurogenic claudication

A

normal

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16
Q

ages affected by vascular claudication

A

40 to 60+

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17
Q

ages affected by neurogenic claudication

A

40 to 60+

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18
Q

inflammation and occlusion of small arteries

A

Thromboangiitis Obliterans/Buerger’s dse

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19
Q

affectation of TAO

A

UE > LE

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20
Q

risk factors for TAO

A

young male
smoking

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21
Q

raynaud’s disease

A

primary Raynaud’s

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22
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

secondary Raynaud’s

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23
Q

onset for primary Raynaud’s

A

< 30 y/o

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24
Q

onset for secondary Raynaud’s

A

> 30 y/o

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25
Q

cause of primary Raynaud’s

A

idiopathic

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26
Q

cause of secondary Raynaud’s

A

secondary to another underlying medical condition

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27
Q

severity of primary Raynaud’s

A

mild S/Sx

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28
Q

severity of secondary Raynaud’s

A

severe S/Sx

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29
Q

risk factors for primary Raynaud’s

A

sex
age
climate
family hx

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30
Q

a substance risk factor for secondary Raynaud’s

A

vinyl chloride

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31
Q

distention or swelling of superficial veins due to dysfunctional valves

A

Varicose veins

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32
Q

S/Sx of varicose veins

A

aching, heavy leg c spider veins

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33
Q

common veins affected by Varicose veins

A

great Saphenous v.
small Saphenous v.

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34
Q

inflammation and clot formation affecting the superficial veins

A

Superficial vein thrombosis

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35
Q

complications for superficial vein thrombosis

A

varicosities

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36
Q

S/Sx of superficial vein thrombosis

A

pain along the course of saphenous veins

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37
Q

course of the great Saphenous vein

A

originates at the dorsal vein of the hallux
runs anteriorly to the medial malleolus
ascends to the medial aspect of the leg
runs to the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the femur
passes over the medial aspect of the thigh

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38
Q

inflammation and clot formation affecting the deep veins

A

Deep Vein Thrombosis

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39
Q

what do you call the triad ofDVT?

A

Virchow’s triad

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40
Q

the Virchow’s triad includes

A

Hypercoagulability
Intimal wall damage
Venous stasis

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41
Q

what is venous stasis?

A

pooling of blood in the lower leg

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42
Q

why is Homan’s test contraindicated in DVT?

A

dislodges the clot

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43
Q

prevention for DVT

A

early mobilization

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44
Q

enlargement of lymph nodes with or without tenderness

A

lymphadenopathy

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45
Q

excessive fluid in the tissue in the lymph nodes

A

lymphedema

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46
Q

cause of secondary lymphedema

A

iatrogenic

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47
Q

primary lymphdema occurring after birth

A

Milroy’s dse

48
Q

primary lymphedema present in people < 35 y/o

A

praecox

49
Q

primary lymphedema present in people > 35 y/o

A

tarda

50
Q

site of wound in venous insufficiency

A

proximal to the medial malleolus

51
Q

site of wound in arterial insufficiency

A

lower 1/3 of the leg, toe, lateral malleolus

52
Q

characteristics of venous insufficiency wounds

A

irregular, shallow appearance

53
Q

characteristics of arterial insufficiency wounds

A

smooth edges
well-defined
tend to be deep

54
Q

what happens when you elevate the leg of a patient c venous insufficiency?

A

pain decreases

55
Q

what happens when you elevate the leg of a patient c arterial insufficiency?

A

pain increases

56
Q

patients with arterial insufficiency present c

A

thin and shiny, hair loss, yellow nails

57
Q

pts c venous insufficiency have a wound presentation of

A

flaking, brownish discoloration (hemosiderin staining)

58
Q

pain severity in pts c venous insufficiency

A

mild to moderate

59
Q

pain severity in pts c arterial insufficiency`

A

severe

60
Q

BMI formula in metric units

A

kg/m^2

61
Q

BMI formula in imperial

A

(lb/in^2)703

62
Q

< 18.5 BMI

A

underweight

63
Q

18.5 - 24.9 BMI

A

normal

64
Q

25 - 29.9 BMI

A

overweight

65
Q

30 - 34.9 BMI

A

obese class I

66
Q

35 - 39.9 BMI

A

obese class II

67
Q

40 or above BMI

A

obese class III

68
Q

easily obliterated c slight pressure; fades in and out

A

grade 1+ pulse

69
Q

easily obliterated c light pressure

A

grade 2+ pulse

70
Q

requires moderate pressure to obliterate

A

grade 3+ pulse

71
Q

not obliterated by moderate pressure

A

grade 4+ (bounding) pulse

72
Q

positive sign for capillary refill time (CRT)

A

refill is longer than 2 secs

73
Q

indication of CRT

A

impaired perfusion to the extremities

74
Q

assessment for vascular intermittent claudication

A

treadmill test

75
Q

how long does a treadmill test for vascular intermittent claudication last?

A

15 mins

76
Q

how many trials does a treadmill for test vascular intermittent claudication have?

A

2 trials

77
Q

what is the parameter for the 1st trial of treadmill test for vascular intermittent claudication?

A

1.2 mph

78
Q

what is the parameter for the 2nd trial of treadmill test for vascular intermittent claudication?

A

preferred walking speed

79
Q

assessments for neurogenic intermittent claudication

A

Bicycle test of Van Gelderen
Stoop test

80
Q

(+) sign for bicycle test of Van Gelderen

A

the pt can cycle longer in a slumped position

81
Q

(+) sign for stoop test

A

the pt continues walking in a slumped position

82
Q

sites of ABI in LE

A

posterior tibial
dorsalis pedis

83
Q

formula for R ABI

A

higher R ankle SBP (PT/DP) / higher arm SBP (L/R)

84
Q

formula for L ABI

A

higher L ankle SBP (PT/DP) / higher arm SBP (L/R)

85
Q

> 1.2 ABI possible indications

A

falsely elevated
arterial dse
diabetes

86
Q

1.19 - 0.95 > 1.2 ABI possible indications

A

normal

87
Q

0.94 - 0.75 ABI possible indication

A

mild arterial dse + intermittent claudication

88
Q

0.74 - 0.50 ABI possible indications

A

mod arterial dse + resting pain

89
Q

< 0.50 ABI possible indications

A

severe arterial dse

90
Q

A non invasive test that examined the LE for the presence of ischemia.

A

Rubor of dependency

91
Q

(+) sign for Rubor of Dependency

A

it takes > 30 secs for color to return to pink

92
Q

indication of rubor of dependency

A

arterial insufficiency

93
Q

Noninvasive test for arterial and venous circulation

A

Air plethysmography

94
Q

what is observed in air plethysmography?

A

changes in leg volume during rest, standing, and light walking

95
Q

what is obstructed in Allen’s test?

A

radial a.
ulnar a.

96
Q

A non-invasive test that measures blood flow in the skin.

A

Skin perfusion pressure measurement

97
Q

how is the venous filling time done?

A

pt in supine, leg is passively elevated to 45 deg for 1 minute then place in dependent position.

98
Q

(+) sign Venous filling time

A

> 15 secs return
< 15 secs return

99
Q

normal return time for venous filling time

A

15 secs

100
Q

indication for Venous filling time

A

> 15 secs (arterial dse)
< 15 secs (venous dse)

101
Q

how proximal is the greater saphenous vein to the knee when tapped in percussion test?

A

6 in (15.2 cm)

102
Q

(+) sign for percussion test

A

a fluid is detected under the distal palpation site

103
Q

another name for percussion test

A

Schwartz

104
Q

indication of Schwartz’ test

A

valvular incompetency

105
Q

how is Trendelenburg test done?

A

LE is elevated and a tourniquet is applied on the thigh. After one minute, the pt is asked to stand.

106
Q

(+) sign for Trendelenburg test

A

vein distention within 5 secs after/before tourniquet being released

107
Q

indication of Trendelenburg test

A

distention before 5 secs = valvular incompetence
distention after 5 secs = superficial vein incomptence

108
Q

(+) sign for hand volume test

A

30-50 mL difference of water displacement between both hands

109
Q

normal amount of difference in hand volume test

A

10 mL

110
Q

(+) sign of Stemmer’s test

A

cannot pinch the skin at the 2nd MTT

111
Q

indication of (+) Stemmer’s

A

lymphedema

112
Q

2 mm depression; rebounds immediately

A

grade 1+ edema

113
Q

4 mm depression; rebounds < 15 secs

A

grade 2+ edema

114
Q

6 mm depression; rebounds 15-30 secs

A

grade 3+ edema

115
Q

8mm depression: rebounds > 30 secs

A

grade 4+ edema

Cardio (15 decks)

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