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Psychology > Personality > Flashcards

Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction personality -

what does personality mean?

A

personality is used to describe other people in social context.

describing someones personality = capture essence of that person.

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2
Q

Introduction personality -

persona - mask
the study of personality = ?

A

study of masks that people wear.

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3
Q

Introduction personality -

adams 1954 - personality is I. what did he suggest?

A

we get a good idea of what personality is by listening to what we say when we use I, summing up everything about yourself.

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4
Q

Introduction personality -

personality conveys consistency and continuity about the person in terms of ? (3 factors)?

A

1) how person behaviours across time - continuity
2) how person behaves across similar situations - consistency
3) personal distinctiveness - uniqueness

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5
Q

Introduction personality -

human beings are like ? ( 3 factors)?

A

1) all others - human nature level
2) some others - individual differences
3) no others - individual unqieuness level

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6
Q

Introduction personality -

individual differences is the study of variability. what variabilities are there? (4 factors)?

A

physical charcteristics
values
cognitive abilities
personality traits

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7
Q

Introduction personality -

personality definitions

marshall 1998 definition?

carver and scheier 2000 definition?

A

a set of more/less stable charecteristics, as assessed and judged by others, that distinguish one individual from another.

a dynamic organisation, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create a persons charcterisitic patterns of behaviour, thoughts and feelings.

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8
Q

Introduction personality -

ongoing readjustments, adaptations to experience, continual upgrading and maintaing. personality is not static it has process and is organised?

A

dynamic organisation

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9
Q

Introduction personality -

internal storage of patterns, supporting notion that personality influences behaviours?

A

inside the person

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10
Q

Introduction personality -

define a psychophysical system?

A

physical/biological processes is involved in who we are.

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11
Q

Introduction personality -

what are charcteristic patterns?

A

consistency and continuity which are uniquely identifying of an individual.

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12
Q

Introduction personality -

personality includes a range of _______ ________/ _______. personality is displayed in many ways.

A

psychological expereince/ manifestation

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13
Q

Introduction personality -

give the elements of personality
_____ and _____, ____ and ____ > ____ _____ and ____ > _____ and ______.

A 
sensation
perception
motives
emotion
memory
emotion
cognition
cognition
consciousness
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14
Q

Introduction personality -

what is personality psychology?

A

psychology which studies personality and individual differences and its objectives is to construct coherent picture of a person and their psychological processes. how people are similar to one another.

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15
Q

Introduction personality -

definition of theory?

A

summary statement, general principle or set of principles about a phenomenon.

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16
Q

Introduction personality -

we use theories for 3 main purposes?

A

1) describe a phenomenon - how?
2) explain a phenonomon - why?
3) make predictions about future - what might be?

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17
Q

Introduction personality -

where do personality theories come from?

A

arise from deep thinking and research - formal and informal ways to develop theory.

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18
Q

Introduction personality -

name two ways to develop a theory

A

deductive

inductive

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19
Q

Introduction personality -

start with theory, developed by systematic analysis, data then tests whether theory is true or false based on falsifiablity - see how accurate predictions are?

A

deductive - top down

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20
Q

Introduction personality -

no theory to start with, based on informal observation ,data is used to provide more infomration in order to build theory on a phenomenon?

A

inductive = bottom up

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21
Q

Introduction personality -

name 4 related disciplines to personality.

A

sociology - self and identity
philosophy - phenomenological, existential and humanistic theories
anthropology - culutral theories
biology and medicine - biological theories

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22
Q

Introduction personality -

campbell 1998 stated that a theory is rated highly if it meets 4 main criteria: name them and define?

A

1) comprehensive - explains various elements of a phenomenon
2) parasimonious - explains things concisely
3) falsifiable - able to be tested for correctness
4) productive - leads to new ideas, predicitions and new research

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23
Q

Introduction personality -

groupings among theories; theories of personality form groups - name the 6.

A 
trait and type
psychoanalytic and neo anyaltic
biological and evolutionary
behavioural and learning
cognitive
existential and humanistic
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24
Q

Introduction personality -

each grouping is charctersied by general viewpoint or set of orientating assumptions within which theories are devised. each grouping is ______ and researchers combine one or more groupings to provide a more multifacetatd approach and understanding.

A

distinctive

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25
Q

personality methods and measurment:

scientific discription?
explanation?
prediction?

A

how?
why?
what might be?

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26
Q

personality methods and measurment:

what are two different kinds of variance?

A

within subject variance

between subject variance

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27
Q

personality methods and measurment:

everything that exists, exists in some quantity and can therefore be measured - who said this?

A

thorndike

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28
Q

personality methods and measurment:

systematic assingnmet of numbers to represent quantitative attributes of objects or events?

A

measurement

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29
Q

personality methods and measurment:

polymaths, father of individual differences, pioneer of correlation and regression - who?

A

francis Galton

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30
Q

personality methods and measurment:

dependability of a measurement instrument?

A

reliability

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31
Q

personality methods and measurment:

the property that a measurement instrument measures what it claims to measure?

A

validity

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32
Q

personality methods and measurment:

classical test theory - how can we measure a psychological contruct? (4 steps and define)

A

1) operational definition
2) how can we measure - self report, peer, observational…
3) item formulation
4) do these items measure definition

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33
Q

personality methods and measurment:

which factor analysis is this?
principal component anaylsis and principal factor analysis are statistical methods used to reduce the dimensionality of a correlation matrix. researcher looks to find which varaibles in particular set form coherent and relatively independent subsets.

A

factor analysis I

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34
Q

personality methods and measurment:

in factor anaylsis III - what is Cattell’s GC and GF?

A

gc - consolidated knowledge arising from educational oppertunities.

gf - capacity to figure out new problems.

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35
Q

personality methods and measurment:

coding errors, threat to reliability- what is it?

A

random error

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36
Q

personality methods and measurment:

what types of things constitutes as a systematic error?

A

self esteem, depression, self - efficacy, anxiety.

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37
Q

personality methods and measurment:

reliability of a measure refers to ?

A

extent to which it is free from error

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38
Q

personality methods and measurment:

when an observation is reliable, high degree of consistency of repeatability?

A

reliability of measure

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39
Q

personality methods and measurment:

whether you see the same thing through each condition?

A

internal consistency/reliability

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40
Q

personality methods and measurment:

if two halves of item set measure the same quality, people who score high on one half should score high on other half and people who score low on one half should score low on other half?

A

split half reliability

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41
Q

personality methods and measurment:

dual observation, two observers ratings against each other should match - agreement between raters?

A

inter-rater reliaiblity

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42
Q

personality methods and measurment:

repeatability across time - measures should be roughly same over time ?

A

stability - test retest reliability

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43
Q

personality methods and measurment:

what your measuring is what you think your measuring?

A

vailidity

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44
Q

personality methods and measurment:

attempt to determine whether the operational definition matches concept you set out to measure?

A

construct validation (criterion validity)

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45
Q

personality methods and measurment:

average correlation
a .90 too good.

A

cronbach’s alpha

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46
Q

personality methods and measurment:

validity I:
which validity?
degreee to which a test measures a specified construct as detrmined by interpretation of psychological meaning of test scores and implications of this interpretation?

A

construct validity

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47
Q

personality methods and measurment:

validity II:
which validity is which?

degree to which scores on a test correlate with scores on relevent external criterion. it is broad type of validty encompassing several specific traits?

degree to which scores on a test correlate with varaibles they are supposed to correlate with given the natire of the construct?

degree to which scores on test do not correlate with varables. they are not supposed to correlate with?

A

criterion validity

convergent validity

discriminent validity

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48
Q

personality methods and measurment:

validty IIII
which type of validity?

degree to which scores on a test predict future behaviour on a criterion varaible.

based on correlation between predictor and criterion scores obtained at aprox the same time.

experts review test contents to determine if they are appropriate on their face.

A

predicitive validity

concurrent validity

face validity

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49
Q

traits and types:

assumption 1: we can use a ____ set of ____ ______ to describe and scale individuals.

assumption 2: there are ____ of personality that ___ to every person and each person will vary in how much of each ____ they have.

A

limted
adjective
dimensions

qualities
relevant
quality

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50
Q

traits and types:

what are the two different views of personality?

A

nomothetic view

idiographic view

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51
Q

traits and types:

what are the two factors of the nomothetic view of personality?

what are the 3 factors of the idiographic view of personality?

A

nomothetic:
traits exist in same way in every person
each trait has same meaning for everyone

idiopgrahpic:
traits highly individualsed
trait may be possessed by one person
there are as many traits as there are people

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52
Q

traits and types:

person will differ along a continuum, a degree of variability (low>high)? what is this define by?

A

trait

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53
Q

traits and types:

regarded as category that is distinct and discontinuous, no variability? what is this define by?

A

type

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54
Q

traits and types:

continuous, quantitative, ordinal, score on x-y factor? what is this defined by?

A

trait

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55
Q

traits and types:

discontinous, qualitative, categorical, x or y? what is this defined by?

A

type

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56
Q

traits and types:

carl jung 1921 launched modern efforts into traits and types by theorizing two main personality traits. what were they?

A

extroversion (direct attention onwards)

introversion (direct attention inwards)

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57
Q

traits and types:

carl jungs:
enjoys social contact, prefer time with others, rational thinking and logic to understand the world?

avoid social contact, prefer solitary activities, preoccupied with ones thoughts?

A

extroversion

introversion

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58
Q

traits and types:

carl jungs extroversion and introversion traits = a _____, a ______ individual difference.

A

dochotomy

stable

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59
Q

traits and types:

Raymond Cattel (1947):
trait and type approach contribution:

started with ______; evolved over 1000s of years and mant words that already described human qualities.

A

language

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60
Q

traits and types:

cattel took alport and odberts 4,500 trait terms, leaving 171 trait terms. he then collected ratings on these words and then factor analysed them. what was found?

A

from 171 trit words, he found many correlated with each other but not with other varaibles formed into dimensions. based on factor analyis, cattell proposed 16 fundamental personality traits described as a series of dichotomies.

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61
Q

traits and types:

cattells group of 16 traits are assessed using the ____? certain traits more fundamnetal than others.

A

16PF.

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62
Q

traits and types:

what is hippocrates and eysencks 4 categories?

A

sanguine > extravert
choleric
phlegmatic > introverted
melancholic

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63
Q

traits and types:

Hans Eysneck:

started with theory to understand traits most typify personality through the ____ theory method.
inspired by ____,_____, and _____. traits are linked to ____ ____ _____ - biological.

A 
deductive
hippocrates
jung
wundt
nervous system functioning
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64
Q

traits and types:

hans eysneck:

personality was underpineed by two suprtraits called?

A

introversion

extraversion

65
Q

traits and types:

psychoticism and schizotypy:

what was Tsakanikos et al 2005?

A

positive symptoms of schizophrenia, positive schizphrenic like traits is called schizotypy.

66
Q

traits and types:

what is eysencks giant 3?

A

neuroticism
extraversion
psychoticism

67
Q

traits and types:

eysnecks giant three:

anxious, moody, depressed, pessimistic, tense, shy, low self esteem.

energetic, sociable, lively, active.

unempathetic, creative, sensation seeking, aggressive and cold.

A

high neuroticism

high extraversion

high psychoticism

68
Q

traits and types:

eysnecks giant three:

stable, positive, calm, optimistic, confident, relaxed.

sociable, passive, slow reflective, unconfident.

altruistic, rationale, patient, confirmist, organized, empathetic.

A

low neuroticism

low extraversion

low psychoticism

69
Q

traits and types:

what is the big 5 model or 5 factor model?

A

OCEAN

openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeablness
neuroticism
70
Q

traits and types:

big 5 model

non conforming, imaginative

ethical, dependale, productive

talktaive, social, affectionate

sympathetic, warm, cooperative

anxious, insecure, guilt, self conscious.

A

openess

conscientiousness

extraversion

agreeableness

neuroticism

71
Q

traits and types:

what is the main instrument used to measure the 5 factors OCEAN?

A

NEO personality inventory

72
Q

traits and types:

OCEAN

avoidance of unsafe sex, lower numbers of arrests, less likely to steal someones wife or husband

predicts greater engagment with existential challenges, less likely to marry.

firm handshake, interaction with strangers.

maintenance of positive relationships, empathy.

high anxiety, overprotective, strained relationship.

A

conscientiousness

openess

extraversion

agreeableness

neuroticism

73
Q

traits and types:

unsatisfactory sex life, psychosomatic conditions, smoking, divorce?

A

neuroticism

74
Q

traits and types:

sexual behaviour, tabacco, alcohol?

A

extraversion

75
Q

traits and types:

psychiatrists, teachers, engineers - sharf 2002?

marketing, lawyers, journalist?

A

neuroiticsm

extraversion

76
Q

traits and types:

what are the 3 weaknesses of the trait and type approach?

A

1) fails to explain what drives traits and type behaviours.
2) only provides basic approximation of individuals personality.
3) people express different traits based on context.

77
Q

traits and types:

what is the main instrument used to measure the 5 factors OCEAN?

A

NEO personality inventory

78
Q

traits and types:

OCEAN

avoidance of unsafe sex, lower numbers of arrests, less likely to steal someones wife or husband

predicts greater engagment with existential challenges, less likely to marry.

firm handshake, interaction with strangers.

maintenance of positive relationships, empathy.

high anxiety, overprotective, strained relationship.

A

conscientiousness

openess

extraversion

agreeableness

neuroticism

79
Q

traits and types:

unsatisfactory sex life, psychosomatic conditions, smoking, divorce?

A

neuroticism

80
Q

traits and types:

sexual behaviour, tabacco, alcohol?

A

extraversion

81
Q

traits and types:

psychiatrists, teachers, engineers - sharf 2002?

marketing, lawyers, journalist?

A

neuroiticsm

extraversion

82
Q

traits and types:

what are the 3 weaknesses of the trait and type approach?

A

1) fails to explain what drives traits and type behaviours.
2) only provides basic approximation of individuals personality.
3) people express different traits based on context.

83
Q

psychodynamic:

study of personality began with publications of ____ _____ __ _____ (1900). - morea 1986

A

freud’s intepretation of dreams

84
Q

psychodynamic:

born in moravia, lived in vienna, trained as doctor, jewish, escaped to london and died in 1939?

A

sigmund freud

85
Q

psychodynamic:

greatness measured by influence = freud, greatest of psychologists?

freud was fraud. psychoanaylsiis ideas doomed to extinction and most stupendous intellectual confidence trick of 20th century?

A

leahey (1987)

furnham 1996

86
Q

psychodynamic:

what are the 3 phrases of freuds theory?

A

the affect trauma model

topographical model of the mind

structural model of the mind

87
Q

psychodynamic:

what are the 5 key factors to know about the affect trauma model?

A

idetification of unconsious motives - represion and psychological determinism.

development of talking cure - psychoanaylsis
studies of hysteria published

seduction theory - split with brueuer

sexuality in aetiology of neurosis

88
Q

psychodynamic:

which model fo these features belong to?

idetification of unconsious motives - represion and psychological determinism.

development of talking cure - psychoanaylsis
studies of hysteria published

seduction theory - split with brueuer

sexuality in aetiology of neurosis

A

affect trauma model

89
Q

psychodynamic:

what model is this features of?

removal of seduction theory
publication of interpretations of dreams
model of the mind - unconsious, preconscious and conscious
importance of dreams and conflict
erogenous zones
stages of psychosexual development
A

topographical model of the mind

90
Q

psychodynamic:

define:
conscious level
preconscious level
unconscious level

A

thoughts and perception and feelings - conscious

memories and stored knowledge - preconscious

desires. fears, urges, dark, conflict, pain - unconscious

91
Q

psychodynamic:

what is this features of?

most important work
understanding unconscious
distinction between latent and manifest content
analyst must go beyond symbolic nature

A

interpretation of dreams

92
Q

psychodynamic:

name the erogenous zones?

A

mouth
anus
genitals

93
Q

psychodynamic:

psychosexual stages, name all the relevent information

A

oral

94
Q

psychodynamic:

force-fed, deprivation, early weening = dependency, aggression - mouth sucking, ego develops, swollowing are features of what?

A

oral

95
Q

psychodynamic:

toilet training, too harsh/relax = ocd, tidy, mean, messy, anus withholding or expelling faces are features of what?

A

anal

96
Q

psychodynamic:

abnormal family set up - vain self obsessed, sexual anxiety, inferiorty, masturbation. super ego develops are features of what?

A

phallic

97
Q

psychodynamic:

little or no sexual motivation are features of what?

A

latent

98
Q

psychodynamic:

penis/vagina - sexual intercourse features of what?

A

genital

99
Q

psychodynamic:

inferior, jealaous, psychosexually immature, bisexual, low sex drive, frigid, narcisim, vainity, weak social interest - feature for what?

A

penis envy

100
Q

psychodynamic:

sexual lfe of adult women = ?

A

dark continent for psychology.

101
Q

psychodynamic:

instinct, conflict, id, ego, superego, defence mechanisms.
beyond pleasure principle
ego and id

what model?

A

structural model of the mind

102
Q

psychodynamic:

what are the two classes of drives (instincts)?

A

life and death instincts

103
Q

psychodynamic:

life or sexual instinct - survival, reproduction and pleasure (i desire) - ?

A

EROS

104
Q

psychodynamic:

hunger pain avoidance and sex life instincts (i desire) - ?

A

Libido

105
Q

psychodynamic:

death instinct - release from struggle of life?

A

thanatos

106
Q

psychodynamic:

define ego strength?

A

egos ability to be effective

107
Q

psychodynamic:

inherited, instrinctive, unconscious, needs satisfied immeditely, wish fulfilment. dark, inaccesable part of personality, irrational mind, pleasure principle?

A

ID

108
Q

psychodynamic:

functions at conscious and preconscious level, reality principle, logical, sensible, rational, negociates compromise between id and superego?

A

ego

109
Q

psychodynamic:

moral part of mind, conscience - rules about behaviour that parents would disaprove - guilt, ego ideal for good behaviour and embodiment of parental societal values?

A

superego

110
Q

psychodynamic:

define defence mechanisms?

A

unconscious mental processes that protect conscious person from developing anxiety.

111
Q

psychodynamic:

channels energy from unacceptable impulses to create socially acceptable accomplishments?

A

sublimation

112
Q

psychodynamic:

person refuses to recognize reality?

attributes own unacceptable impulses to others?

A

denial

projection

113
Q

psychodynamic:

anxiety evoking thoughts are pushed into the unconscious?

subsituting socially acceptable reasons?

A

repression

rationalization

114
Q

psychodynamic:

ignoring emotional aspects of pain by focus on abstract ideas?

refuse acknowledge urges by saying oppsoite state?

A

intellectulization

reaction formation

115
Q

psychodynamic:

respond to threat situation approriate to earlier age of development?

subsititute less threatening object for orginal object of impulse?

A

regression

displacement

116
Q

biological and evolution:

personality charcteristics reflect underlying ______ processes such as ____, _____ and ____.

A

biological

brain, neurotransmitters and genes.

117
Q

biological and evolution:

way we think, feel and behave today can be understood by considering which thoughts, feelings and behaviours increased the survival and reproduction of our ancestors?

A

evolutionary psychology

michalski and shackleford 2010

118
Q

biological and evolution:

evolutionary psychology - charcteristics that humans have ___ _____.

personality - ways in which humans ______.

A

in common

differ

119
Q

biological and evolution:

personality is output of psychological mechanisms.

personality is response to ____ _____.

ability to evaulate and and act on differences in others is _____ __ ______ _____.

A

social dilemmas

benifitical to ancestral enviroment

120
Q

biological and evolution:

what did nettle 2005/6 argue?

A

survival advantages to ancestors based on individual differences in personality.

121
Q

biological and evolution:

what are the extraversion benifits?

A

mating success, exploration of local enviroment, devevlopment of social alliances.

122
Q

biological and evolution:

what are the extraversion costs?

A

exposure to higher levels of risk, increased probabilites of being arrested and suffering serious injury.

123
Q

biological and evolution:

what are the 3 contributions to any trait?

A

genetics
shared enviroment
non shared enviroment

124
Q

biological and evolution:

what percetage of variance is there in personality in genetics influence - heritability?

A

40-55%

125
Q

biological and evolution:

MZ twins reared apart are about as similar on personality measure as MZ twins reared together - what does this show?

A

there is a failure to find shared enviromental influence

126
Q

biological and evolution:

adoptive parents are ____
MZ twins raised together are treated _____
MZ twins raised together behave ______.

A

atypical
atypically
atypically

127
Q

biological and evolution:

MZ twins adopted away have had some post natal shared enviroment and prenatal shared enviroment. personality similarties may be due to _____________ not genetics. evidence from ?

A

shared enviroment

dutch hunger enviroment

128
Q

biological and evolution:

adoptive MZ twin studies assume identical prenatal enviroment. but identical twins with same dna show ?

A

different epigenetics at birth.

129
Q

biological and evolution:

Mcgue et al 1993 -

estimates of IQ heritability ____ with ____.

estimates of shared enviroment influence ____ with ____.

A

increase
age

decrease
age

130
Q

biological and evolution:

name 2 personality related genes and there chemical names?

A

dopamine
DRD4

Serotonin
5-HTTLPR

131
Q

biological and evolution:

dopamine - reward.

what did munafo et al 2008 find?

what did derringer et al 2010 find?

A

DRD4 gene associated with measures of novelty seeking and impulsivity but not extraversion.

dopamine genes work in concert to explain 6.6% of variation in sensation seeking behaviour.

132
Q

biological and evolution:

serotonin -

what did Willis-own et al 2005 find?

what did vinberg et al 2010 find?

what did Harro et al 2009 find?

what did brumentt et al 2008 find?

A

5-HTTLPR not linked to neuroticism.

short allele of 5-HTTLPR assoicated with higher neuroticism score.

serotinin children had higher scores of neutosim and lower scores of openess, agreeableness and consciousness.

measure of central nervous system serotonergic activty was predictor of OCEAN

133
Q

biological and evolution:

Why cant personality be linked to soley genetics?

A

personality complex - highly polygenic trait.

large meta anaylsis GWA study 180,000 - only explain 10% variation in height.

134
Q

biological and evolution:

What did Hans Eysneck state?

A

neuroticism not statistical artefact, but an inhertied biological unit.

135
Q

biological and evolution:

used factor analysis to indetify traits.

biological basis for traits - extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism.

who says this?

A

hans eysneck

136
Q

biological and evolution:

according to eysneck:

position on extraversion spectrum is depedent on ?

position on neuroticism spectrum is depedent on ?

A

cortical arousal

limbic system activity

137
Q

biological and evolution:

high n, high e?
high n, low e?
low n, high e?
low n, low e?

A

choleric
melancholic
sanguine
phlegmatic

138
Q

biological and evolution:

define neuroticism?

A

dimension that ranges from calm to nervous

139
Q

biological and evolution:

part of the ANS, controls emotional response in emergancy situations, individuals with sympathetic hyperactivity = neurotic disorders.

what system?

A

sympathetic nervous system.

140
Q

biological and evolution:

define:

exication
inhibtion

good and strong inhibition are _____?
poor and weak inhibition are ______?

A

brain on alert
brain calming down

extraverts
introverts

141
Q

biological and evolution:

Eysneck 1990:
biological explanation of extraversion in cortical arousal via the _______? (ARAS)

A

ascending reticular activating system

142
Q

biological and evolution:

activity in the ARAS stimulates cerebral cortex which = ____ ____ _____ (measured by skin condunctance, brain waves).

A

higher cortical arousal

143
Q

biological and evolution:

______ charcterised by _____ levels of activity than ______, so chroincally more _____ _____ than _____. intermediate level of arousal is opitmal for performance.

A 
introverts
high
extroverts
cortically aroused
extraverts
144
Q

biological and evolution:

how did GRAY 1981 reformulate eysnecks theory?

A

by rotating dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism by 45 degrees.

145
Q

biological and evolution:

what were the new added dimensions added by Gray ?

A

impulsivity - high neuroticims
high on extraversion - anxiety
high neuroticism, low extraversion

impuslvity
anxiety

146
Q

biological and evolution:

what theory?

differences in an indivduals attention to enviroment rewards and punishments shape their behviour and reflect their personality?

A

reinforcement sensitivty theory

147
Q

biological and evolution:

what did gray propse were the underlying neurological systems of personalty?

A

behavioural approach system

behavioural inhibtion system

148
Q

biological and evolution:

underlying system for impuslvity, signals impending reward, triggers approach behaviour assoicated with positive emotions, invovles medial forebrain bundle and the lateral hypothalamus, people with high impusivity are highly sensitive to reward?

A

behavioural approach system

149
Q

biological and evolution:

underlying neurological system for anxiety, signals punishment, triggers inhibtion and withdrawal from threat - negative emotions. people with high anxiety = highly sensitive to signals of punishment?

A

behavioural inhibition system

150
Q

biological and evolution:

according to grays reinforcment sensivity theory what the two most important dimensions of personality?

A

impuslvity and anxiety

151
Q

biological and evolution:

according to grays reinforcment sensitiy theory, _____ and ______ are ______ consquences of the interactions between ______ and ______ systems.

a person in whom the _____________ of _____ is more powerful than ________________ of ________ - _______.

a person in whom the ___________ is more powerful they become ______.

A 
extraversion
neurotiscm
secondary
impuslvity
anxiety

behavioural inhibtion system
anxiety
behavioural activation system of impuslvity
introdverted

behavoiural appraoch system
extraverted

152
Q

biological and evolution:

what did Haas et al 2008 find?

A

neuroticsm personality trait associated with nergative mood states, senstive to negative infomration and vulnerable to psychopathology.

153
Q

biological and evolution:

servaas et al 2013 did what?

A

model of emotion processing in neuroticsm

154
Q

biological and evolution:

model of emotion processing in neuroticsm:

negative cognitive processing?

fear learning - hippocampus?

anticipation?

uncertainity?

emotion regulation - frontal and cingulate?

A 
green
red
blue
green
red

green - previous research related to neurotism

red - process shown to positively correlate with neuroticsm

blue - process - negative correlated with neurotiscm

155
Q

methods in personality:

recollection of past events?

in depth study of one person?

conducted across extended periods of time?

applicable to many people?

A

introspection

case study

experience sampling

generalizability

156
Q

methods in personality:

a ___ is a dimension along which variations exist.
must be at least __ ____, on that dimension.

A

variable

2 values

157
Q

methods in personality:

a measure that asses several aspects of personality is called an ______?

pattern of repsonse in task can inform the assessor about what the person is like?

interpretation/judgment of observer?

measure is of a concrete physical reailty requiring no interpretation?

A

inventory - self report

implicit assesment

subjective measure

objective measure

158
Q

biological and evolution:

high scores on neuroticism and low scores on agreeableness?

high scores on personality scale - novel seeking?

A

serotonin 5-HTTTLPR

dopamine - DRD4

159
Q

biological and evolution:

entire genome examined for any and all differences that relate to an outcome of interest?

A

genome wide association studies - GWAS.

Psychology (3 decks)

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