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Speech Disorders - Haberstock > Perspectives in Speech Disorders (Chapter 3; E1) > Flashcards

Perspectives in Speech Disorders (Chapter 3; E1) Flashcards

1
Q

What is speech sound disorder ?

A

Having trouble producing speech sounds correctly (phonological disorder and articulation disorder)

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2
Q

Characteristics of Articulation Disorder are:

  • Purely _____ - cannot produce sounds
  • Distortions resulting in non standard speech sound
  • Only few sounds affected
  • No ______
  • Child fairly _______
A
  • physical
  • patterns
  • intelligibile
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3
Q

Characteristics of Phonological Disorder are:

  • multiple sound errors
  • ______ intelligible
  • Patterns of ______
  • Due to underlying problem with ______ knowledge
A
  • highly
  • errors
  • phonological
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4
Q

Importance of Intelligibility:

  • Caseloads many children with Speech Sound Disorders (SSDs) ___ % of school based clinicians serve children with SSDs. ASHA 2006.
  • Cases are more complex these days because there are ____ ____ ____ ____
  • Reduced intelligibility causes many _____ and ____ problems
A
  • 91%
  • more oral motor involvement
  • academic and social
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5
Q

Even a mild disorder can have an impact…

  • Studies: adults with a mild lisp judges ____ intelligent
  • kids are afraid to raise their hand, talk in class, decreased social engagement when child has SSD
  • ____ and ____ impairment coexist
A
  • less

- SSDs and language

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6
Q

Macrae, T., and Tyler, A.A. (2014) was about:

  • speech abilities in preschool children with speech sound disorder with and without ____ ____ ____ . Language, Speech and Hearing Services in Schools, 45, 302-313.
A
  • cooccurring language impairment
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7
Q

Macrae and Tyler 2014:

  • compared preschool children with cooccurring ____ and ____ ____ (LI) to children with SSD only
  • Looked at ____ and types of ____ in both groups
A
  • SSD and Language impairment

- numbers and types of errors

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8
Q

Macrae and Tyler 2014 found:

  • Children with SSD and LI has more ____ problems of sounds than children with just SSD
  • SLPs need to be most concerned about children with omissions of sounds; omissions more predictive of ____/____ problems than sounds distortions
A
  • OMISSIONS

- language/reading

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9
Q

Phonology is system of rules underlying ____ ____ and combinations

A

sound production

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10
Q

Phonetics is the study of ____, ____, and ____ ____ associated with speech sound production

A

physical, physiological, and acoustic

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11
Q

Clinical/Applied phonetics is a branch dedicated to ____ ____ of knowledge

A

practical application

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12
Q

Phoneme is a family of ____ that the listener perceives as belonging to the same ____ – /t/

A

sounds

category

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13
Q

True or False

“Allophone is a distinct phoneme”

A

False - not a distinct phoneme

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14
Q

Allophone is a ____ of a particular phoneme family

e.g. Tea, buTTer, leT, characTer

A

member

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15
Q
  • Morpheme is ____ ____ of meaning
  • Free morpheme- ____ ____ that cannot be linguistically broken down into smaller units
  • Bound morpheme- ____ or ____ that attaches to a word to alter the meaning of a word
A
  • minimal units
  • whole word
  • suffix (word endings) or prefix (beginnings)
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16
Q

Phone is typically considered a ____ speech sound

A

single

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17
Q

Allophonic variations are varied productions of a ____

A

phoneme

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18
Q

True or False

“Free variation can be exchanged for one another in a certain phonetics context without affecting the word”

A

True

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19
Q

True or False

“Complimentary variation can be exchanged for one another is specific phonetics contexts”

A

False- cannot be exchanged for one another

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20
Q

Narrow phonetic transcription use helps to ____ the ____ and unreleased allophonic variations

A

highlight

aspirated

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21
Q

Minimal pairs are phonemes that are smilier except for ____ ____

A

one phoneme

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22
Q

True or False

“International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is used to represent the many phonemes of the Italian Language”

A

False - English Language

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23
Q

Allographs are different ____ and ____ ____ that can be used to represent the same phonemes

A

letters

letter combination

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24
Q

____ are the idealized or abstract description of a sound is transcribed according to the IPA and enclosed between slash marks

A

Virgules

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25
Q

____ ____ the variations in actual phoneme production are not depicted

A

Phonemic transcription

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26
Q

____ ____ are sounds that are actually produced by an individual are transcribed and placed between brackets as in [+]

A

Phonetic transcription

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27
Q

____ ____ are morphemes that are similar expect for one phoneme

e.g. shEEp jEEp

A

Minimal pairs

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28
Q
  • Morphophonemic are sound alterations that result from the modification of the ____ morpheme
  • Morphophonemic rules specify how ____ are combined to form morphemes
A
  • free

- sounds

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29
Q

Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech (Junction):

  • brief pauses that make ____ or ____ distinctions

E.g.
“Get the money bag!” vs “Get the money, bag”
“John let us do it” vs “John, let us do it!”
“Nitrate” vs “Night rate”

A
  • grammatical or semantic
30
Q

Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech (Rate of Speech):

  • There is a ____ in vowel duration
  • The faster the ____, the ____ intelligible a person is
  • Very important to address in ____ (tx)
A
  • decrease
  • rate
    less
  • treatment
31
Q

With an increased rate people are limited pauses and create semantic of ____ loss of information. Some ____ may be decrease and shortened as well.

A
  • syntactic

fricative

32
Q

____ is omitting certain articulatory positions while speaking faster than normal

A

undershooting

33
Q

We often tell adult account clients to MOOSE. What does this mean?

A 
Move your lips
Open your mouth
Over exaggerate
Slow down
Enunciate every sound
34
Q

Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech (Pitch):

  • Pitch is determined by the ____ with which the vocal fold vibrate
  • Pitch contours are the melody of a phrase
  • Intonation is affected by several things such as
A
  • frequency

- intonation

35
Q

Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech (Intonation):

  • Intonation refers to the change in these ____ contours
  • Intonation is affect by things such as ____ position in producing vowels, the speaker’s ____ state, and ____ variables
A
  • pitch
  • tongue position
    emotional state
    cultural variables
36
Q

Suprasegmental Aspects of Speech (Stress):

  • A device that gives prominence to certain syllables (or words) within a sequence of syllables (or words)
  • The person will increase ____, ____, and ____
A
  • duration
    amplify
    pitch
37
Q

Phoneme Classification (Consonants):

  • We produce these by some ____ or closing of the vocal tract-complete or partial closure (p vs sh sound)
  • Internal-medial-final (reindeer)
  • Clusters
A
  • narrowing
38
Q

____ form the nucleus of a syllable

A

syllabics

39
Q

Phonemic Classification (Vowels):

  • Vowels are produced with an ____ vocal tract
A
  • open
40
Q

____ ____ - if you reduce them to pure vowels, the meaning changes

A

Phonemic diphthongs

41
Q

____ ____ - if you reduce them to pure vowels, the meaning doesn’t change

A

Nonphonemic diphthongs

42
Q

What do cognates share?

A

place and manner

43
Q

Place - ____ sound is produced

A

where

44
Q

Manner - ____ sound is produced

A

how

45
Q

Vowel Production:

A. Tongue Position
1.
2.

B. Lip Rounding
1.
2.

A
  1. Tongue height
  2. Tongue advancement
  3. Rounded
  4. Unrounded
46
Q

IPA helps with ____ (e.g., /f/ allographs in touGH, Physical, taFFy)

A

allographs

47
Q

Phonetic Transcription:

____ - slashes /b/ /n/ /t/ for ____ transcription (abstract)

A
  • virgules

phonemic

48
Q

Narrow Transcription:

  • ____ for ____ transcription [m] (actual production of the sound by the speaker)
A
  • brackets

phonetic

49
Q

Narrow Transcription uses ____ ____ to identify variations in actual productions (allophones)

A

diacritical markers

50
Q

Open syllable words ends in a ____ (free, my, hello)

A

vowel

51
Q

Closed syllable word ends in a ____ or ____ ____ (box, zipper, bed)

A
  • consonant

consonant cluster

52
Q

Stamp first described ____ ____, or simplifications of adult sound productions that affect entire classes of sounds

A

phonological processes

53
Q

____ ____/____ are patterns used by typically developing to simplify the adult model of the word

A

Phonological processes/patterns

54
Q

Read the following statement. What is Haberstock’s nephew using?

“Ung Teef” for “Uncle Keith”

A

weak syllable deletion, velar fronting, and f/th substitution

55
Q

The term ____ ____ is preferred rather than phonological process

A

Phonological process

56
Q
  • Stamp’s phonological processes are normal in ____ ____ ____ , but are a disorder when the persist beyond a certain age level
  • After a normal age of disappearance, we use the term ____ ____ ____ or phonological disorder
A
  • typically-developing children

- phonological error pattern

57
Q

At age 3, what patterns should disappear?

A

weak syllable deletion and final consonant deletion

58
Q

What patterns persist beyond age 3?

A

cluster reduction and gliding

59
Q

Many people today use the terms ____ ____ and ____ ____ interchangeably

A

phonological process and phonological pattern

60
Q

Substitution patterns are one ____ of sounds is substituted for another class of sounds

A
  • class
61
Q

what are the different substitution patterns?

A 
stopping
deaffrication
velar fronting
depalatization
backing
62
Q

Define “stopping” for substitution pattern

A

stop substituted for fricative

63
Q

Define “Deaffrication” for substitution pattern

A

affrication is replaced by a stop or fricative

64
Q

Study of sound as a physical is called ____

A

acoustics

65
Q

Rate at which an object vibrates, measured in terms of the number of vibrations per unit of time, typically per second is called ____

A

frequency

66
Q

A single frequency that repeats itself is called ____

A

pure tone

67
Q

A combination of different frequencies is called ____ ____

A

complex tones

68
Q

The vibrations that constitute a complex tone that repeats itself is called ____

A

periodic

69
Q

The vibrations that constitute a complex tone that may be lacking a pattern is called ____

A

aperiodic

70
Q

A sound describes a pattern of physical energy across a frequency range is called ____

A

spectrum

71
Q

A measure of time during which vibrations are sustained is called ____

A

Duration

Speech Disorders - Haberstock (1 decks)

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