PH

Question 1

homeostatic ph levels in body fluids depends on..

3 things

Answer 1

1. Buffer systems that bind H+a. protein buffer
   b. bicarbonate buffer system (most important
   c. phosphate buffer system
2. exhaling c02
3. kidney excretion of h+

Question 2

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 2

decreased pc02, increased ph

cause hyperventilation

Question 3

metabolic alkalosis

Answer 3

increased hc03-, increased ph

cause: vomiting or taking alkaline drugs such as mylanta

Question 4

respiratory acidosis

Answer 4

increased pc02, decreased ph.

cause: hypoventilation (holding breath)

Question 5

metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

decreased hc03-, decreased ph.

cause: loss of bicarbonate ions or failure of the kidney to excrete H+

Question 6

respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

Answer 6

disorder of blood pc02

Question 7

metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

Answer 7

disorder of bicarbonate ion (HC03-) concentration

Question 8

Pulmonary blood flow

Answer 8

Red: pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart

big blue: carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs.

Question 9

in systemic circulation

Answer 9

Blue: veins (deox)
red: arteries: oxy

Question 10

Costal breathing

Answer 10

shallow chest breathing using external intercostal muscles

Question 11

eupnea

Answer 11

normal quiet breathing

Question 12

hypernea

Answer 12

forced breathing, ccessory muscles assist with inhalation. exhalation involves internal intercostals and abdominal muscles.

Question 13

tachypea

Answer 13

rapid breathing

Question 14

cheyne

Answer 14

breaths before death

Question 15

anoix

Answer 15

w/o oxygent

Question 16

hemoptysis

Answer 16

spitting up blood from the respiratory tract

Question 17

pneumonia

Answer 17

acute infection of alveoli (most common infectious cause of death

Question 18

pulmonary embolism

Answer 18

blockage of branch of pulmonary artery resulting in interruption of blood flow to a group of lobules and/or alveoli

Question 19

Rales

Answer 19

rattling sound in lungs

Question 20

rhinitis

Answer 20

inflammed mucous membrane in the nose

Question 21

tuberculosis

Answer 21

communicable infectious respiratory disease. 1 in 3 are infected worldwide. airborne

Question 22

pulmonary edema

Answer 22

abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid in alveoli

Question 23

hypoxia

Answer 23

deficiency of oxygen at the tissue level

Question 24

4 types of hypoxia

hypoxic hypoxia

Answer 24

low p02 in arterila blood

high altitude, fluid in lungs, airway obstruction

Question 25

anemic hypoxia

Answer 25

insufficent hemoglobin

hemorrhage, anemia, carbon monoixide poisoning

Question 26

ischemic hypoxia

Answer 26

blood flow to tissue is reduced while p02 and oxygemoglbin levels are normal. blockage in blood vessels

Question 27

histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 27

toxic agent blocks uuse of 02 by tissue

cyanide poisining