Phamacology

Question 1

Bethanechol

Answer 1

Cholinomimetic. Activates bowel and bladder smooth muscle; resistant to AChE.
Postop ileus, neurogenic ileus, and urinary retention

Question 2

Carbachol

Answer 2

Cholinomimetic. Glaucoma, pupillary constriction, and relief of intraocular pressure

Question 3

Pilocarpine

Answer 3

Cholinomimetic. Potent stimulator of sweat, tears, and saliva. Open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma.
Contracts ciliary muscle of eye, pupillary sphincter; resistant to AChE

Question 4

Methacholine

Answer 4

Challenge test for diagnosis of glaucoma

Stimulates muscarine receptors in airway when inhaled

Question 5

Neostigmine

Answer 5

Anticholinesterases. Increases endogenous ACh
Postop and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of neuromuscular junction blockade (postop)

Question 6

Pyridostigmine

Answer 6

Anticholinesterases. Increases endogenous ACh. 
Myasthenia graves (long acting); does not penetrate CNS

Question 7

Physostigmine

Answer 7

Anticholinesterases. Increases endogenous ACh. 
Atropine overdose. 
Anticholinergic toxicity (crosses blood brain barrier -> CNS

Question 8

Donepezil

Answer 8

Anticholinesterases. Increases endogenous ACh.

Alzheimer ds

Question 9

Rivastigmine

Answer 9

Anticholinesterases. Increases endogenous ACh.

Alzheimer ds

Question 10

Galantamine

Answer 10

Anticholinesterases. Increases endogenous ACh.

Alzheimer ds

Question 11

Cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning

Answer 11

Often due to organophosphates, such as parathion, that irreversibly inhibit AChE. Causes Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS. Lacrimation. Sweating, and Salivation.
DUMBBELLS.

Question 12

Atropine

Answer 12

Muscarinic antagonist. Used to treat bradycardia and for ophthalmic application. 
Toxicity:
Hot as a hare 
Dry as a bone 
Red as a beet
Blind as a bat 
Mad as a hatter