Pharm 1

Question 1

Treat methemoglobinemia with

Answer 1

Methylene blue

Question 2

Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 2

(First generation) H1 antagonists; used in allergies, motion sickness, insomnia; sedation, antiadrenergic, antiserotonergic, and antimuscarinic effects due to CNS penetration

Question 3

Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetrizine (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 3

H1 antagonists, 2nd gen; used in allergies; less fatigue than 1st gen antihistamines due to decreased CNS penetration

Question 4

Albuterol (mechanism, use)

Answer 4

Short-acting beta-2 agonist (relaxes bronchial smooth muscle); asthma, acute exacerbations

Question 5

Salmeterol, formoterol (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 5

Long-acting beta-2 agonist; asthma; tremor, arrhythmias

Question 6

Theophylline (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 6

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, increases cAMP and causes bronchodilation; asthma; cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, metabolized by cytochrome p450, not used much cause narrow therapeutic index, blocks adenosine

Question 7

Ipratropium (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 7

long acting Muscarinic antagonist, prevents bronchoconstriction; asthma and COPD

Question 8

Beclomethasone, fluticasone (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 8

Corticosteroid. Inhibit cytokine synthesis, reducing inflammation due to asthma. Inactivated NF-Kappa B; 1st line for chronic asthma

Question 9

Montelukast, zafirlukast (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 9

Leukotriene receptor antagonists; especially useful in aspirin-induced asthma

Question 10

Zileuton (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 10

Inhibits activity of 5-lipoxygenase, inhibiting leukotriene production; reduces inflammation

Question 11

Omalizumab (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 11

Anti-IgE antibody; used in refractory allergic asthma resistant to inhaled steroids and long-acting beta-agonsits

Question 12

Guaifenesin (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 12

Thins respiratory secretions, doesn’t suppress cough reflex

Question 13

N-acetylcysteine (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 13

Loosens mucus plugs; used in CF patients and as an antidote to acetominaphen posioning

Question 14

Bosentan (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 14

Antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors, reducing vascular resistance in the pulmonary vessels; used in pulmonary hypertension

Question 15

Dextromethorphan (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 15

Antagonizes NMDA receptors, inhibiting coughing; produces opioid effects (synthetic codeine analog) in large doses and carries mild abuse potential. Naloxone for overdose

Question 16

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine (mechanism, use, toxicity)

Answer 16

Alpha-1 agonists that reduce edema and nasal congestion; rhinitis; hypertension, quick tolerance (recurrence of symptoms despite continued treatment), CNS stimulation/anxiety (pseudo ephedrine)