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Pharm > Pharm 1 - Test 1 > Flashcards

Pharm 1 - Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Epinephrine mechanism?

A

non-selective beta 1 and beta 2 agonist causes increased cAMP and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

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2
Q

Epinephrine administration/dosage?

A

Injected (SQ, IV, IM) or inhaled
FAST ACTING
Not given PO

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3
Q

Epinephrine indications?

A

Status asthmaticus, anaphylaxis

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4
Q

Epinephrine side effects?

A

Tachycardia, increased O2 demand,, dry mouth, hyperglycemia

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5
Q

Albuterol brand names?

A

proventil, ventolin

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6
Q

Albuterol class/mechanism?

A

Beta 2 adrenergic agonist (SHORT ACTING)

causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle through increased cAMP

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7
Q

Albuterol indications?

A

Acute asthma

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8
Q

Albuterol formulation/dosage?

A

inhaled/nebulized - 2 puffs q 4-6h PRN

1.5mg q4-6h PRN

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9
Q

Albuterol side effects?

A

Can stimulate beta 1 activity to cause tachycardia, palpitations, anxiety

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10
Q

Lebalbuterol brand name?

A

xopenex

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11
Q

Lebalbuterol class/mechanism?

A

Beta 2 agonist (LONG ACTING)

causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle through increased cAMP

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12
Q

Lebalbuterol indications?

A

Chronic asthma

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13
Q

Lebalbuterol formulation/dose?

A

Nebulized - 0.63-1.25mg q6-8h PRN

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14
Q

Salmeterol brand name?

A

serevent

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15
Q

Salmeterol class/mechanism?

A

beta 2 agonist (LONG ACTING)

causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle through increased cAMP

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16
Q

Salmeterol indications?

A

Chronic asthma (NOT acute symptoms)

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17
Q

Salmeterol formulation/dose?

A

Inhaled only - onset 20-30min

usually bid

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18
Q

Salmeterol side effects?

A

HA, cough

Inhibited by beta blockers

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19
Q

Ipatropium brand name?

A

atrovent

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20
Q

Ipatropium class/mechanism?

A

Anticholinergic (similar to atropine)
Competitive antagonist of acetylcholine muscarinic receptors results in unopposed sympathetic tone and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

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21
Q

Ipatropium indications?

A

Asthma or COPD

when pt do not tolerate adrenergic antagonist

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22
Q

Ipatropium side effects?

A

Fewer cardiac side effects

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23
Q

Zafirlukast brand name?

A

accolate

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24
Q

Zafirlukast class/mechanism?

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

competitive inhibition of E4/D4 receptors

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25
Q

Zafirlukast indications?

A

Prophylactic treatment of asthma

NOT acute symptoms

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26
Q

Zafirlukast formulation/dosage?

A

PO - peaks in 3 hrs

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27
Q

Zafirlukast side effects?

A

HA, GI disturbance, respiratory infection

*inhibited by cyp450

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28
Q

Beclomethasone brand name?

A

Beconase

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29
Q

Beclomethasone class/mechanism?

A

Corticosteroid - inhibition of phospholipase A2 and inhibition of histamine release/kinin activity

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30
Q

Beclomethasone indications?

A

asthma

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31
Q

Beclomethasone formulation?

A

inhaled

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32
Q

Beclomethasone side effects?

A

irritation of nasal mucosa, nose bleed, sore throat, yeast infxn, immun decrease, hyperglycemia, bone loss, avascular necrosis, cataracts, skin thinning

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33
Q

Prednisone brand name?

A

deltasone

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34
Q

Prednisone class/mechanism?

A

Corticosteroid - inhibition of phospholipase A2 and inhibition of histamine release/kinin activity

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35
Q

Prednisone indication?

A

COPD, worsening asthma

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36
Q

Prednisone formulation/dose?

A

PO, IV, or IM

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37
Q

Prednisone side effects?

A

Salt/H2O retention, weight gain, Decreased immunity, hyperglycemia, bone loss, avascular necrosis, cataracts, skin thinning, myopathy, diminished wound healing, insomnia, mental status changes

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38
Q

Theophyline/theo-dur class/mechanism and indications? Is it still used?

A

Xanthine/methylxanthine bronchodilator causes inhibition of phosphodiesterase (breakdown of cAMP)
Used to treat Aasthma
Largely replaced by beta agonists and corticosteroids due to danger of life threatening arrhythmias from narrow therapeutic window

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39
Q

Codeine class/mechanism and indications?

A

Narcotic analgesis cough suppressant suppresses sensitivity of CNS cough centers in medulla
used to treat coughs and pain relief

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40
Q

Codeine formulation/dosage?

A

1-2 tsp PO q 4-6h prn

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41
Q

Codeine side effects?

A

drowsiness. constipation, GI upset, potential for dependency

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42
Q

Dextromethorphan class/mechanism and indications?

A

Synthetic derivative of morphine used to suppress sensitivity of CNS cough receptors

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43
Q

Dextromethorphan formulation/dosage?

A

1-2 tsp PO q 4-6 h prn

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44
Q

Dextromethorphan side effects?

A

Less constipation and less addictive potential than codeine

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45
Q

Diphenydramine brand name?

A

Benadryl

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46
Q

Diphenydramine class/mechanism and indications?

A

Sedative (crosses BBB) antihistamine blocks H1 receptors to treat allergic rhinits, conjunctivitis, urticaria, pruritis, and induction of sleep

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47
Q

Diphenydramine formulation/dose?

A

25-100 mg PO q 6-8 h prn

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48
Q

Diphenydramine side effects?

A

Sedation, drying/thickening of secretions, anticholinergic symptoms

49
Q

Loratadine brand name?

A

claritin

50
Q

Loratadine class/mechanism and indication?

A

NONsedating antihistamine - H1 receptor antagonist

For seasonal allergies and rhinitis

51
Q

Loratadine dose/formulation?

A

OTC 10mg tabs PO qd

52
Q

Loratadine side effects?

A

dryness of secretions, dry mouth

53
Q

Phenylephrine brand name?

A

neosynephrine, afrin

54
Q

Phenylephrine class/mechanism and indications?

A

Alpha agonist binds alpha receptors to decrease secretions

Treats allergic rhinitis

55
Q

Phenylephrin formulation/dose?

A

inhaled nasal spray

56
Q

Phenylephrine side effects?

A

Mucosal swelling and congestion can lead to dependence - “rhinitis medicosum”

57
Q

Nicotine indications? Formulation/dose?

A

Smoking cessation

Gum, lozenges, transdermal patches, oral/nasal spray

58
Q

Bupropion brand name?

A

wellbutrin, zyban

59
Q

Bupropion SR class/mechanism and indications?

A

Dopamine/NE reuptake inhibitor

For smoking cessation and depression

60
Q

Bupropion SR formulation?

A

PO tablets

61
Q

Varencycline brand name?

A

Chantix

62
Q

Varencycline class/mechanism and indications?

A

alpha4/beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist

for msoking cessation

63
Q

Varencycline side effects?

A

Disinhibition - rage/anger and depression

64
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide brand name?

A

“HCTZ”

Hydrodiuril, microzide

65
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide class/mechanism?

A

Thiazie diuretic (less potent diuretic) increases sodium/water excretion by inhibiting Na/Cl reabsorption in ascending loop of henle/distal tubule

66
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide indications?

A

Hypertension, chronic edema, hypocalemia

*Not effective in pts with renal failure

67
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide formulation/dosage?

Write Rx

A

12.5, 25, or 50 mg tabs

HCTZ 12.5mg PO qd

disp: #30 (thirty)
refills: 0

68
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide side effects?

A

Hypotension, weakness, HYPOkalemia, HYPOnatremia, glucose intolerance, hypercholesterolemia, HYPERcalcemia, hyperurecemia

  • dont give to pts alongside aspirin (gout pts)
  • *dont give to pts with sulfa allergy
69
Q

Furosemide brand name?

A

Lasix

70
Q

Furosemide class/mechanism?

A

Loop diuretic (more potent diuretic) acts to inhibit Na/Cl reabsortion in ascending limb causing increased loss of Na, K, Ca, and Mg (and H2O)

71
Q

Furosemide indications?

A

Hypertension, chronic edema

*preferred for pts with renal disease, but NOT renal failure

72
Q

Furosemide formulation/dose?

Write Rx

A

20, 40, or 80 mg tabs PO
20-320 mg/dl IV
Quicker onset than HCTZ

Furosemide 20mg tab PO qd

disp: #30 (thirty)
refill: 0

73
Q

Furosemide side effects?

A

HYPERkalemia (should not be used with K supplements, ACEIs, or ARBs)

74
Q

Spironolactone brand name?

A

aldactone

75
Q

Spironolactone class/mechanism?

A

Potassium sparing diuretic - inhibits Na/Cl reabsorption while promoting K reabsorption at distal tubule
Also an aldosterone antagonist and direct testosterone antagonist

76
Q

Spironolactone indications?

A

HTN, chronic edema, hypercalcemia hyperaldosteronism, PCOS (anti-androgenic)
May be used with renal disease, but NOT renal failure

77
Q

Spironolactone side effects?

A

Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Orthostatic hypotension.

Spironolactone inhibits the production of testosterone.
Not for use in renal failure patients

78
Q

Spironolactone formulation/dose (Rx)?

A

25, 50, 100 mg tabs

25 mg PO qd
disp: 30 (thirty)
Refill: zero

79
Q

Propanolol brand name?

A

Inderal

80
Q

Propanolol class/mechanism?

A

Non-specific beta blocker blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors to relax heart and vessels

81
Q

Propanolol indications?

A

HTN, angina, MI, tachyarrhythmia, migraine prophylaxis, stage fright, essential tremor

82
Q

Propanolol formulation/dose (Rx)?

A

10, 20, 40, 80, 120, 160 mg tabs
40 mg PO bid
disp 30
refill zero

83
Q

Propanolol side effects?

A

Weakness, fatigue, depression, CNS disturbance, sexual dysfunction, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension (when mixed with EtOH/narcotics)
C/I in pts with asthma/COPD (bronchospasm)
*Avoid sudden discontinuation
**Treating with GLUCAGON reverses bradycardic effects of B-blocker OD

84
Q

Atenolol brand name?

A

tenormin

85
Q

Atenolol class/mechanism?

A

Cardiac-specific beta-1 blocker blocks B1 receptors

Safer than propanolol in asthmatics

86
Q

Atenolol indications?

A

HTN, angina, MI, tachyarrhythmia

87
Q

Atenolol formulation/dose (Rx)?

A

25, 50, 100mg tabs
50 mg PO qd
disp 30
refill zero

88
Q

Atenolol side effects?

A

weakness, fatigue, depression, CNS disturbance, sexual dysfunction, bradycardia

  • Avoid sudden discontinuation
  • *Treating with GLUCAGON reverses bradycardic effects of B-blocker OD
89
Q

Prazosin brand name?

A

minipress

90
Q

Prazosin class/mechanism?

A

Alpha blocker reduces sympathetic tone, causes vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance

91
Q

Prazosin indications?

A

HTN, BPH

92
Q

Prazosin formulation/dose?

A

PO tabs

93
Q

Prazosin side effects?

A

Dizziness, HA, orthostatic hypotension, impotence

94
Q

Verapamil brand name?

A

Isopten

95
Q

Verapamil class/mechanism?

A

Calcium channel blocker blocks Ca from entering cardiac cells and smooth muscle cells allows for dilation of vessels and improved myocardial tone

96
Q

Verapamil indications?

A

HTN, angina (spasms) CHF, arrhythmia, migraine prophylaxis, Raynaud’s,

97
Q

Verapamil side effects?

A

Hypotension, dizziness, HA, flushing, gingival overgrowth

*caution with concurrent beta blockers

98
Q

Verapamil formulation/dose (Rx)?

A

40-80mg tabs PO tid
disp 90
refill zero

99
Q

Lisinopril brand name?

A

prinvil, zestril

100
Q

Lisinopril class/mechanism?

A

ACE inhibitor - blocks angiotensin 1 - angiotensin II to relax smooth muscle
Also inhibits degradation of bradykinins to cause vasodilation

101
Q

Lisinopril indications?

A

HTN with CHF or DM
Prophylaxis for DM patients to prevent nephropathy
*Drug of choice treating DM pts with HTN

102
Q

Lisinopril formulation/dose (Rx)?

A

10, 20, 40 mg tabs

10mg PO qd

103
Q

Lisinopril side effects?

A

Cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia
(Don’t use with K-spring diuretic, but K wasting diuretics can be good)
*C/I in pregnancy (category X)

104
Q

Losartan brand name?

A

Cozaar

105
Q

Losartan class/mechanism?

A

ARB - blocks angiotensin II receptos to decrease peripheral vasoconstriction

106
Q

Losartan indications?

A

CHF or DM patients with HTN and proteinuria

107
Q

Losartan formulation/dose

A

25, 50, 100mg tabs

1 PO qd

108
Q

Losartan side effects?

A

hypotension, hyperkalemia, dry cough (but less frequent than with ACEIs)
*C/I in pregnancy (category X)

109
Q

Minoxidil brand name?

A

Loniten

110
Q

Minoxidil class/mechanism?

A

Direct vasodilator - opens K channels in vascular smooth muscle cells to dilate vessels

111
Q

Minoxidil indications?

A

HTN - severe and resistant to treatment attempts

Alopecia

112
Q

Minoxidil side effects?

A

sodium and water retention

Hirsutism - marketed as rogaine

113
Q

Hydralazine brand name?

A

Apresoline

114
Q

Hydralazine class/mechanism?

A

Direct vasodilator - opens K channels in vascular smooth muscle cells to dilate vessels

115
Q

Hydralazine indications?

A

HTN - severe and resistant to treatment attempts

116
Q

Hydralazine side effects?

A

Drug induced lupus syndrome - SLE like symptoms

117
Q

Aliskiren brand name?

A

tekturna

118
Q

Aliskiren class/mechanism?

A

Direct renin inhibitor blocks renin to lower BP

119
Q

Aliskiren side effects?

A

Hypotension, HA, diarrhea, hyperkalemia, angioedema

*C/I in pregnancy (category C/D)

Pharm (2 decks)

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