Pharm Unit I & ll exam

Question 1

Rapid Acting : 
Insulin Lispro ( Humalog )     	
Insulin Aspart (NovoLog )	
Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)

Answer 1

O= 3-5 hrs D= 15min P= 1-2 hrs

Question 2

Discuss signs, symptoms and possible causes of a hypoglycemic reaction.

Answer 2

Symptoms- CNS manifestation of confusion, irritability, tremor, and sweating.
Later symptoms include: hypothermia and seizures. Without adequate restoration coma or death can occur. Abnormally low blood glucose level ( below 50 mg/dL .
Cause – Adverse effect of many antidiabetic drugs when there pharmologic effects are greater than expected.

Question 3

Describe the general action of oral hypoglycemic agents.

Answer 3

Rapid Dissolving Buccal Tablets and Semisolid Gel forms designed for oral use and rapid mucosal absorption.

Question 4

Differentiate actions of oral hypoglycemic agents from insulin.

Answer 4

Oral hypoglycemic: Oral forms are to be used in the event of a hypoglycemic crisis.
Insulin: Is given as a subq injection when a quick response to sever hypoglycemia is needed. (Normally given in a hospital or when a patient is unconscious)

Question 5

Describe the general action of hypnotics/ sedatives.

Answer 5

Hypnotics/Sedatives- have a calming effect or that depress the CNS
Sedatives- Reduce nervousness, excitability, and irritability without causing sleep, but a sedative can become a hypnotic if given in a large enough dose.
Hypnotic- causes sleep and have a much more potent effect on the CNS than do sedatives.

Question 6

Identify common drugs most frequently ordered for hypnotic/sedative effect.

Answer 6

Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, miscellaneous. Benzodiazepines used to be commonly prescribed , now non- Benzodiazepines are most frequently used.
Long lasting: diazepam- valium, eastazolm-Prosom, eszopiclone-Lunesta, flurazepam- Dalmane, lorazepam-Ativan, quazepam- Doral.
Short Acting- alprazolam-xanax, midazolam-versed, ramelteon-Rozerem, temazepam- Restoril, triazolm- Halcoin, Zalephon- Sonata, zolpidem- Ambien

Question 7

Intermidete Acting :

Insulin Isophane Suspension (NPH)

Answer 7

O =1-2 hrs D=10-18 hrs P=48hrs

Question 8

Long Acting:
 Insulin Glargin (Lantus)			                        Insulin Determir ( Levemir)

Answer 8

O= 1-2hrs D= 24hrs P= none

Question 9

Sliding Scale Insulin Dosing

Answer 9

< 140 mg/dl = 0 Units
141-199= 2 Units
200-249=4 Units
250-299=6 Units
300mg/dL or higer = 8 Units

Question 10

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 10

A complex multisystem complication of uncontrolled diabetes. If not treated can lead coma or death. DKA is caused by extreme hyperglycemia , the presence of ketones in the serum,acidosis,dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.