Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

What does a narrow therapeutic index mean?

Answer 1

means there is a small difference
between the dose required to produce a desired effect to that
which produces an undesired effect

Question 2

Refers to what our body does to the drug

Answer 2

pharmacokinetics

Question 3

What is ADME

Answer 3

Absroption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination

Question 4

Absorption: when abosrbed, has a bioavailability of 100%

Answer 4

IV

Question 5

Main metabolic pathway?

Answer 5

liver

Question 6

Ways drugs are eliminnated

Answer 6

instestines, kidneys, lungs, sweat glands

Question 7

Drugs diffuse across cell membrane from high (e.g. GI fluids) to
low (e.g. blood) concentration.

Answer 7

diffusion

Question 8

T/F: the higher the gradient the faster the diffusion

Answer 8

true

Question 9

depolarizing neuromuscular relaxant that is given only once

Answer 9

Succinylcholine; there is a rapid decay

Question 10

Succinylcholine: one the threshold level is reached, there is an increasing percentage of ___

Answer 10

neuromuscular blockade

Question 11

Succinylcholine: At 100% the patient may

Answer 11

Die, and experience paralysis

Question 12

NONdepolarizing neuromuscular relaxant

Answer 12

Rocuronium

Question 13

Rocuronium has what kind of peak?

Answer 13

slow rise, not a straight peak

Question 14

General anaesthetic that is a three compartnement model

Answer 14

Profolol; slowly equilibrates

Question 15

What is the formula of Vd

Answer 15

Vd= amount of drug absorbed into the body / plasma drug concentration

Question 16

Weak acids and neutral drugs bind to what plasma protein?

Answer 16

Albumin

Question 17

Basic drugs bind to what plasma protein?

Answer 17

a1-acid glycoprotein

Question 18

Which fraction of the drug is active and is able to penetrate cell membranes?

Answer 18

Freely circulating (unbound)

Question 19

decreases the rate of elimination

Answer 19

Protein binding; since only the free

drug is filtered

Question 20

Binding to tissue proteins may cause local concentration of drug in tissues to ___ , therefore ___ Vd.

Answer 20

increase, increase

Question 21

If drug is hydrophilic = ? Vd

Answer 21

dec.; Hydrophilic drugs tend to stay in plasma

Question 22

if drug is lipophilic = ? Vd

Answer 22

inc.; Lipophilic tend to cross tissues

Question 23

In nephortic syndrom what happens to protein and unbound drugs?

Answer 23

dec.; inc.

Question 24

High MW = ? Vd

Answer 24

drugs with high molecular weight are likely to stay in the plasma = ↓ Vd

Question 25

Acidic drugs + albumin = ?Vd

Answer 25

Acidic drugs bind to plasma proteins (albumin) → ↓ Vd

Question 26

Basic drugs + a1-acid glycoprotein = ? Vd

Answer 26

Basic drugs bind more extensively to extravascular sites (α1-
acid glycoprotein) → ↑ Vd

Question 27

Dec. Plasma protein = ? Vd

Answer 27

↓ Plasma protein ↓ albumin → ↑ Vd