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Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics > Flashcards

Pharmacokinetics Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

quantitative approach to describe behavior of drug in the body

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2
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

impact of the drug in the body

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3
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of drug from site of administration into bloodstream

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4
Q

Systemic absorption

A

drug moves into blood stream

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5
Q

Inhaled and topical steroids work how?

A

locally in lungs or on skin

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6
Q

Antibiotic vancomycin will treat infection in GI tract if applied how?

A

topically - not absorbed into blood stream if taken orally

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7
Q

Time for absorption to occur with oral medications (swallowing)

A

10-20 min to start to absorb from gut then slowly dissolve over time through GI tract

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8
Q

Example of sublingual medication

A

NTG - under tongue

very rapid absorption

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9
Q

Nicotine absorbs through what route?

A

Buccal

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10
Q

What type of administration would a vaccine be considered?

A

intramuscular

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11
Q

Most commonly used parenteral administration

A

intravenous

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12
Q

Reason for epidural

A

labor and delivery pain (lidocaine)

Muscle spasticity drugs

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13
Q

What condition would benefit from intra-articular drug administration

A

Arthritis pain - steroid into joint to relieve pain

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14
Q

Intranasal drugs cocain and myocalcin have localized or systemic effect?

A

systemic effect

myocalcin (systemic effect for osteoporosis)

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15
Q

Ophthalmic drugs looking for systemic or localized effect?

A

localized effect

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16
Q

Factors affecting absorption

A
  1. Patients with bowel resection
  2. Diarrhea or constipation
  3. Changes in stomach acidity
  4. Presence or absence of food
17
Q

Patient variables that affect topical absorption

A
  1. Infant skin more absorbent than adult
  2. broken or rashy skin more absorbent
  3. Application of heat
18
Q

Distribution

A
  • movement of drug into various body fluids and tissues
19
Q

Types of drug distribution

A
  1. Blood-brain barrier
  2. Placental barrier
  3. Breast milk
  4. Blood proteins
  5. Fluid areas
  6. Lipid/adipose tissue
20
Q

What type of drugs cross the BBB and reach the CNS

A

lipid soluble drugs. (opioids, antidepressants, epilepsy drugs)

21
Q

CNS side effects associated with BBB

A

Insomnia, memory loss, confusion, drowsiness

22
Q

Teratogenic

A

Drugs that cross the placenta and cause birth defects

23
Q

Malnourished with low albumin levels will be at risk of what

A

less protein binding, toxicity can lead to more active free drug

24
Q

Variables affecting distribution

A
  1. Body composition of infants (higher % water and lower % muscle mass)
  2. Obese patients
  3. Cachectic (less serum proteins available for drug binding)
  4. Neonates and elderly have more permeable BBB
25
Q

NSAIDS can cause CNS side effects in the elderly T/F

A

True

26
Q

Metabolism

A

biotransformation or chemical alteration of parent compound; usually results in enhance excretion, inactivation, or some active metabolites

27
Q

Where does metabolism mainly occur

A

liver

28
Q

Prodrug

A

inactive compound that must be metabolized in order to become active

29
Q

Inactive metabolite

A

deactivated molecule, inert, not pharmacologically active

30
Q

Active metabolite

A

active molecule but is different than parent drug. Has pharmacologically active properties

31
Q

Excretion

A

Process by which the drug is eliminated from body

32
Q

Most drugs are excreted from the body via?

A

kidneys

33
Q

Clearance

A

volume of blood that is completely cleared of drug per unit time

34
Q

How many half live for drug to be considered cleared from the body

A

5

35
Q

Half life

A

amount of time required for drug plasma concentration to be reduce by one half

36
Q

Variables that affect clearance (metabolism/excretion)

A
  1. Age
  2. Gender
  3. Interacting medications
  4. Ethnicity/genetics/heredity
  5. Health
37
Q

Clearance - Neonate vs. child. vs. adult

A
  1. Neonate - clear drugs slowly (underdeveloped metabolic pathway)
  2. Infants and children (higher liver metabolism and excretion rates) clear drugs faster than adults
38
Q

Health concerns that affect clearance

A
  1. Hepatitis or alcohol abuse
  2. Renal disease
  3. CHF, severe hypotension, and sepsis - reduce flow to liver, kidney, and other organs

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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