Pharmacology

Question 1

What do Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandins do?

Answer 1

NO - Dilates blood vessels

Prost - Binds to receptors on platelets; that prevent platelet aggregation

Question 2

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors

Answer 2

• Aspirin
• (ADP Receptor) P2Y12 Receptor Inhibitor (I.e., Clopidogrel, Ticagrelor, Prasugrel)
• (Only Given IV) Glycoprotein IIB/IIIa receptor blockers (Abiximab, Ephifibatide, Tirofiban)
• Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor (Dipridamole, Cilostazol)
  - cAMP levels go up; decreases intracellular Calcium stop aggregation
  - And promote dilitation

Question 3

How does Aspirin work?

Answer 3

Inhibits COX-1 Enzyme; preventing

Question 4

What are the two clotting pathways?

Answer 4

Intrinsic
- Starts with 12 -> 11 -> 9 -> 10
- Activated F. 10 converts Prothrombin to Thrombin
Thrombin changes Fibrinogen to Fibrin clot

Extrinisic
- Starts with 7 -> Activates 10
- Thombin -> Fibrin clot

Question 5

What are examples of LWMH?

Answer 5

Enoxaparin & Dalteparin

Question 6

Where do Heparin and LMWH bind?

Answer 6

Antithrombin III
Factor 10a and Thrombin

NOTE:
- Heparin binds to both
- LMWH can selectively bind to F. 10a

Question 7

How does FondaParinux work?

Answer 7

Directly binds to Factor 10a

Question 8

How do you reverse Heparin/LMWH action?

Answer 8

Protamine Sulfate
- Binds to molecule to form stable, inactive forms