Pharmacology

Question 1

What is the difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

kinetics: what the patient does to the drug
Dynamics: what the drug does to the patient

Question 2

agonist vs. antagonist

Answer 2

agonist binds to receptor leading to a response

antagonist: binds to a receptor blocking a response or not producing a response

Question 3

nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Answer 3

ligand-gated ion channel. nicotine can bind equally as acetylcholine

Question 4

drug - receptor binding

Answer 4

Most drugs are not charged in active state, use hydrogen bonds or VDW

Question 5

quantal dose response curve vs graded response curve

ED50 & LD50

Answer 5

ED50: effective dose - point at which 50% of animals are protected
LD50: lethal dose - point at which 50% of animals are killed
Allows comparison of drug benefits vs. risks
Quantal: Does NOT provide picture of individuals, only group. Graded: individual, not group

Question 6

Degree of safety:

Answer 6

difference between ED and LD

Question 7

Therapeutic index:
Margin of safety index:
Chronicicity Index:

Answer 7

LD50/ED50. should ideally be greater than 10, bigger the better. doesn’t catch extremes
2. LD1/ED99: more conservative measure of drug safety. should be greater than 1.
3. ED50 dose/LD over 90 days. 1 best, 90 worst (would mean that even splitting the ED into 90 days would still be lethal)
4.

Question 8

Equilibrium competitive antagonism

Answer 8

reversible, non-covalent antagonism that can be overcome by increasing agonist dose