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From Flashcardlet > pharmacology 3.2A sulfonamides, trimethoprim, quinolones > Flashcards

pharmacology 3.2A sulfonamides, trimethoprim, quinolones Flashcards

0
Q

Sulfacytine
Sulfisoxazole
Sulfamethizole

A

Sulfonamide
Oral, absorbable
Short-acting

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1
Q

Sulfonamide

A

Inhibits dihydropteroate synthetase
Inhibits folic acid synthesis

Inhibits both by competing with PABA

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2
Q

Sulfadiazine
Sulfamethoxazole
Sulfapyridine

A

Sulfonamide
Oral, absorbable
Intermediate-acting

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3
Q

Sulfadoxine

A

Sulfonamide
Oral, absorbable
Long-acting

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4
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Sulfonamide

Oral, non-absorbable

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5
Q

Sodium sulfacetamide
Mafenide acetate
Silver sulfadiazine

A

Sulfonamide

Topical

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6
Q

Mafenide acetate

A

Sulfonamide
Topical
High toxicity (silver sulfadiazine is preferred)

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7
Q

Sulfonamide

A

Contraindicated in:
G6PD deficiency (hemoglobinemia)
Near term pregnancy -> Kernicterus (high bilirubin I)
Oral anti-coagulants

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8
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Inhibits tetrahydrofolate synthesis
By acting on the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
For lower forms of organisms
Intermediate-acting (11hours)

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9
Q

Pyrimethamine

A

Inhibits tetrahydrofolate synthesis
By acting on dihydrofolate reductase
For higher forms of organisms (protozoans, parasites)
Long-acting

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10
Q

Sequential synergistic blockade

A

Blockade that causes decreased emergence of resistance due to synergistic activity of combined drugs

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11
Q

1:5

A

T:S

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12
Q

1:20

A

T:S peak

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13
Q

Trimethoprim and Pyrimethamine ADRs

A

ADR:
Megaloblastic anemia
Leucopenia
Granulocytopenia

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14
Q

Cotrimoxazole (Bactrim)

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

P. jiroveci causes pneumocystis in HIV/AIDS patients

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15
Q

Sulfadiazine+pyrimethamine+folinic acid

A

Protozoan toxoplasmosis

Backup Tx for leishmaniasis

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16
Q

Sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine (fansidar)

A

Malaria prophylaxis

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17
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Ulcerative colitis
Oral non-absorbable enteritis
Inflammatory bowel disease

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18
Q

Mafenide acetate

Silver sulfadiazine

A

Burn wounds

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19
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

DNA Gyrase inhibitors

20
Q

Sulfacytine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamethizole
Sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine
Sulfadoxine
Sulfasalazine
Sodium sulfacetamide, mafenide acetate, silver sulfadiazine

A

Sulfonamides

21
Q

Nalidixic acid
Norfloxacin
Ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin
Moxifloxacine, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin
Fleroxacin
Sparfloxacin
Trovafloxacin

A

DNA Gyrase inhibitors/Fluoroquinolones

22
Q

Norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolones

Half life of 3hrs

23
Q

Pefloxacin and fleroxacin

A

Fluoroquinolones

Half life of 10hrs

24
Q

Sparfloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Trovafloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Long half life

25
Q

Trovifloxacin and moxifloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone

Hepatic excretion

26
Q

Sparfloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolones

Excreted 50% renal 50% fecal

27
Q

Nalidixic acid

A

First generation quinolone

28
Q

Norfloxacin

A

Second generation quinolone

29
Q 
Ciprofloxacin
Enoxacin
Lomefloxacin
Levofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Pefloxacin
A

Third generation quinolone

30
Q

Moxifloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Gemifloxacin

A

Fourth generation quinolone

31
Q

UTI

A

Fluoroquinolones are effective against this kind of infection

32
Q

Norfloxacin

Does not achieve adequate systemic circulation

A

Quinolones are effective against soft tissue, bone, jount, intra-abdominal and respiratory tract infections except

33
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

DOC for prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax, meningococcemia

34
Q

Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin

A

Quinolone effective for gonococcal infection, disseminated disease, chlamydial infection (longer)
No longer recommended in the US because of high resistance

35
Q

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin

A

Adjunct treatment for tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria

36
Q

Levofloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Moxifloxacin

A

Respiratory quinolones
Against gram positive and atypical pneumonia
Against CAP

37
Q

Trovafloxacin and Moxifloxacin

A

Not effective against UTI because excreted via hepatic route

38
Q

Lomefloxacin and pefloxacin

A

ADR: photosensitivity

39
Q

Gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, gemofloxacin, moxifloxacin

A

QTc prolongation - Torsades de Pointes

40
Q

Gatifloxacin

A

Pulled out from US market due to association with hypo/hyperglycemia

41
Q

Metronidazole

A

Needs reductive metabolism of drug for activation of bactericidal effects

42
Q

Metronidazole

A

DOC for Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Trichomonas vaginalis

43
Q

Metronidazole

A

DOC for anaerobes: Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium difficile, Gonorrhea vaginalis, Helicobacter pylori ulcers

44
Q

Metronidazole

A

ADR: metallic taste, brown-black urine, neurotoxicity (vertigo, peripheral neuropathy), disulfiram-like interaction with ethanol

45
Q

Nitromidazole

A

Antiprotozoal drug

Antibacterial property against anaerobes

46
Q

Nitromidazole

A

Antiprotozoal

Potent anti bacterial against anaerobes

47
Q

MCAT

Amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, metronidazole

A

Antibiotics for H. pylori GI ulcers

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