Pharmacology Flashcards
Through what 2 mechanisms does ionizing radioation kill cells?
double stranded breaks in DNA
free radical formation
What s the mechanism of amphotericin B?
amphotericin and nystatin bind ergosterol to form holes in cell membranes
What is the MOA of tacrolimus and cyclosporin?
tacrolimus and cyclosporin bind FK506 and cyclophilin, respectively, which binds to calcineurin to prevent synthesis of IL-2
(both are immunosuppressants)
What are the SAEs of tacrolimus?
neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, GI toxicity, HTN, hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, increased risk of infection
What are the SAE for cyclosporin?
nephrotoxicity, heptaotoxicity, increased risk of infection, HTN, hirsutism, tremor, hyperkalemia, gingival hyperplasia
Why does long term use of D2 receptor antagonist cause tardive dyskenesia?
upregulation of dopamine receptors and supersensitivity of theses receptors
What are retinoids? What do they treat?
vitamin A derivative
“retin” is found in the name
treats psoriasis, acne, and wrinkles
What is the MOA of orlistat?
inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase which prevents fat absorption in the GI
Why is probenecid administered along with penecillin? cidofovir?
penicillin = to inhibit penicillin secretion into the renal tubules –> increase plasma concentration
cidofovir = protect renal tubules from renal toxicity from cidofovir
why are stents with paclitaxel given to patients?
it prevents intimal hyperplasia (think about it, it is an antineoplastic that inhibits M phase)
What is the mechanism for retinol?
What is the mechanism of hydralazine? What are the SAEs
increases cGMP –> smooth muscle dilation –> decrease SVR (afterload)
has a greater effect on arterioles than veins
reflex tachycardia and increased renin synthesis (increased Na+ reabsorption)
