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RADT 153 Patient Care > Pharmacology and Contrast Media > Flashcards

Pharmacology and Contrast Media Flashcards

1
Q

the study of the way the body processes a drug

A

pharmacokinetics

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2
Q

study of the effects of drugs on the normal functions of the body

A

pharmacodynamics

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3
Q

a drug that produces such a specific action and promotes the desired result

A

agonist

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4
Q

antagonist

A

a drug that attaches itself to the receptor, preventing the agonist from acting

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5
Q

therapeutic effect to medication

A

purpose of the medication

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6
Q

side effect to the medication

A

effect other than the desired effect

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7
Q

toxic effect to medication

A

poisonous, potentially lethal

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8
Q

idiosyncratic effect to medication

A

overreaction, underreaction, unusual reaction

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9
Q

allergic response to medication

A

characteristic response to an allergen

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10
Q

synergystic effect to medication

A

responses to combined drugs that differ from the individual effects

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11
Q

medications to treat allergic reactions

A

antihistamines

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12
Q

absorption

A

a process involving the movement of a drug from the site of administration into the systemic circulation to produce a desired effect

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13
Q

allergen

A

substance to which a sensitivity has been established

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14
Q

analgesic

A

a drug that relieves pain

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15
Q

local anesthetic

A

injected to eliminate sensation in a specific area before a painful procedure

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16
Q

antidote

A

specific drug that treats a toxic effect

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17
Q

distribution

A

the means by which a drug travels from the bloodstream to the target tissue and the site of action

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18
Q

drug

A

substances used in diagnosis, treatment, or disease prevention, or as a component of medication

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19
Q

edema

A

swelling

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20
Q

efficacy

A

effectiveness

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21
Q

excretion

A

elimination of drugs from the body after they have been metabolized

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22
Q

generic

A

name for medication that identifies its chemical family

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23
Q

medication

A

substances prescribed for treatment that produce therapeutically useful effects

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24
Q

metabolized

A

physically and chemically changed

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25
Q

metabolite

A

the products of metabolism that can be excreted via the intestinal tract or the kidneys

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26
Q

narcotic

A

means “sleep inducing”

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27
Q

opiate

A

refers only to natural opium derivatives

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28
Q

opioid

A

any drug, natural or synthetic, that acts similarly to morphine

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29
Q

potency

A

strength of a particular drug or medication

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30
Q

potent

A

powerful

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31
Q

sedative use

A

primarily for preoperative procedures

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32
Q

tranquilizer

A

exert a quieting effect, reduce anxiety and mental tension

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33
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

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34
Q

buccal

A

inside the cheek

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35
Q

ampule

A

a small, sterile glass or plastic container that usually contains a single dose of medication

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36
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain

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37
Q

cathartic

A

a laxative preparation

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38
Q

diluent

A

a substance, usually a fluid, that makes a solution or mixture less concentrated or less viscous or more liquid

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39
Q

enteral

A

within the small intestine, or via small intestine. enteral route of medication refers to the placement of medications within the digestive tract

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40
Q

extravasation

A

a passage or escape from a blood or lymph vessel into the tissues, usually of blood, serum, or lymph. same as infiltration with respect to intravenous fluids

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41
Q

hematoma

A

a collection of extravasated blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or in an organ, resulting from trauma or incomplete hemostasis after surgery

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42
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

the pressure exerted by a liquid. intravenous infusion is determined by the height of the fluid container with respect to the vein

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43
Q

infiltration

A

process whereby a fluid passes into the tissues, such as when a local anesthetic is administered or an intravenous infusion leaks from a vein

44
Q

infusion

A

passive introduction of a substance into a vein or between tissues, as by gravitational force, slow or prolonged intravenous delivery of a drug or fluids

45
Q

intermittent injection port

A

used for the addition of multiple additives to the additive port of an IV bag

46
Q

intraarterial

A

within an artery

47
Q

intradermal

A

within the dermis layer of the skin

48
Q

intramuscular

A

within the muscle tissue, descriptive of parental injection sites

49
Q

intrathecal

A

pertaining to a structure, process, or substance within a sheath, such as within the spinal canal

50
Q

intravenous

A

within a vein, pertaining to an injection or infusion into a vein, may also apply to a thrombus or catheter

51
Q

isotonic

A

pertaining to a liquid that has the same concentration of solute as human body fluid

52
Q

normal saline solution

A

a 0.9% weight per volume solution of sodium chloride in water that is isotonic with blood. Available as a sterile solution for intravenous injection or infusion

53
Q

parenteral

A

pertaining to treatment introduced into the body via a route other than through the digestive system

54
Q

standing order

A

written document containing orders for the conduct of patient care in various stipulated clinical situations

55
Q

subcutaneous

A

beneath the skin, descriptive of parental injection sites

56
Q

sublingual

A

pertaining to the area beneath the tongue

57
Q

topical

A

mode of medication administration in which the medication is applied to the surface of a part of the body

58
Q

transdermal

A

through the skin, medication administration method using adhesive patches

59
Q

IV bag should be ___ inches above level of vein

A

18-20 inches

60
Q

if the patent’s face is pale

A

raise the feet 20 degrees

61
Q

if the patient’s face is red

A

raise the head 20 degrees

62
Q

six R’s to avoid errors

A

right dose, right medication, right patient, right time, right route, right documentation

63
Q

negative contrast agent

A

air

64
Q

positive contrast agent

A

(iodinated media) barium, iodide

65
Q

atomic number of barium

A

56

66
Q

atomic number of iodide

A

53

67
Q

angle for intramuscular injection

A

90 degrees

68
Q

angle for subcutaneous injection

A

45 degrees or 90 degrees

69
Q

angle for intradermal injection

A

15 degrees

70
Q

Lock and Key theory

A

enzyme’s active site and the shape of the substrate molecule are complementary to one another. This allows the substrate to fit into the enzyme

71
Q

Hershprung disease

A

Colon enlargement due to no peristalsis, neurological deficiency

72
Q

Another name for insulin

A

glucagon, gel like material, placed inside the patients cheek, also used in GI tract studies because it causes relaxation of the smooth muscles of the GI tract

73
Q

Negative contrast agents

A

Air and Gases

74
Q

Refers to the number of particles in solution per kilogram of water

A

Osmolality

75
Q

A measure of the resistance of fluid to flow

A

Viscosity

76
Q

To minimize adverse reactions

A

Focus on allergies, Check blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine levels

77
Q

Vasovagal Reactions

A

Diaphoresis, Hypotension, Bradycardia

78
Q

Treatment of vasovagal reactions

A

supine, elevate feet 20 degrees, elevate head if breathing is a problem

79
Q

Severe (Anaphylaxis) Reactions treatment

A

Maintain airway, Call a code, Epinephrine

80
Q

IVU

A

intravenous urogram

81
Q

ERCP

A

a fiberoptic examination of the common bile duct performed with an endoscope

82
Q

extravasation

A

when IV contrast goes under the skin

83
Q

laxative preparation often prescribed to aid in cleansing the bowel

A

cathartic

84
Q

Contrast exam of the internal surfaces of
the spinal canal

A

Myelography

85
Q

Contrast exams of synovial joint structures

A

Contrast Arthrography

86
Q

semisolid nugget oif medication that is inserted rectally

A

suppository

87
Q

small bulging pouches develop in the digestive tract

A

diverticulitis

88
Q

inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in your digestive tract

A

ulcerative colitis

89
Q

swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum

A

hemorrhoids

90
Q

another name for a toilet

A

commode

91
Q

an abnormal passageway

A

fistula

92
Q

contractions that propel food through the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

93
Q

enlarged veins in the lower part of the esophagus that occur with liver disease

A

esophageal varices

94
Q

protrusion of a portion of the stomach into the thoracic cavity

A

hiatal hernia

95
Q

a redness and swelling (inflammation) of the lining of your belly or abdomen

A

peritonitis

96
Q

law that tells you which drugs are illegal (includes marijuiana)

A

Harrison act

97
Q

injection of nutrient or medicinal liquid into the small bowel

A

enteroclysis

98
Q

height of barium enema bag

A

24 - 30 inches

99
Q

substantial IV dose delivered rapidly where timing is key

A

bolus

100
Q

refers to the number of particles in solution per kilogram of water

A

osmolality

101
Q

media whose molecules remain whole in solution

A

nonionic

102
Q

media whose molecules dissociate into two charges particles when placed in a solution

A

ionic

103
Q

contrast media whose osmolality is equal to that of human blood

A

isosmolar solutions

104
Q

organic nitrogen compound that triggers immune responses for allergic reactions

A

histamine

105
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

106
Q

removal of the gallbladder

A

cholecystectomy

RADT 153 Patient Care (5 decks)

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