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EMT > Pharmocology 💊 > Flashcards

Pharmocology 💊 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications of giving oxygen

A

SOB, hypoxia, AMS, pain caused by ischemia

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2
Q

What are the contraindications of oxygen

A

no medical direction orders

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3
Q

What is the route in which oxygen is delivered

A

inhalation

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4
Q

What is the action of oxygen

A

increase concentration of oxygen in the alveoli

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5
Q

what are the side effects of oxygen administration

A

nausea, dry mouth

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6
Q

What are the indications in assist a patient with their MDI

A

treatment of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease, signs and symptoms of SOB, current prescription for rescue inhaler type MDI

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7
Q

What are the contraindications of assisting a patient with their MDI

A

Hypersensitivity, unconscious i.e physically unable to use the device, maximum dose reached prior to arrival, device not prescribed to patient, inhaler is a maintenance inhaler(for everyday use), no medical direction orders

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8
Q

What is the action of a MDI

A

bronchodilator

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9
Q

What form does an MDI come in

A

powder/mist

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10
Q

What is the route of administration for an MDI

A

inhalation

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11
Q

What are the side effects of an MDI

A

anxiety, tachycardia, muscle tremors, coughing

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12
Q

How many minutes should one wait between administering doses of an MDI

A

5 minutes

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13
Q

What are the indications of administering Albuterol via a nebulizer treatment

A

Treatment of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease, signs and symptoms of SOB, current prescription for rescuer inhaler type MDI

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14
Q

What are the contraindications of giving albuterol via a nebulizer

A

Hypersensitivity, unconscious i.e. unable to physically use the device, maximum dose reached prior to arrival, no medical direction orders

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15
Q

what is the action of albuterol given via a nebulizer

A

bronchodilator

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16
Q

What form does albuterol take when given via a nebulizer and what is the route of administration

A

a mist that is inhaled via a nebulizer

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17
Q

what is the adult dosage for albuterol administered via a nebulizer

A

2.5 mg in 3mL saline

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18
Q

What is the pediatric dosage of albuterol administered via a nebulizer treatment

A

1.25 mg in 3 mL saline

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19
Q

What are the side effects of albuterol administered via a nebulizer

A

restlessness, tremors, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, nervousness, peripheral vasodilation, nausea, vomiting, hyperglycemia, increased BP, paradoxical bronchospasm

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20
Q

What should the flow rate be if an oxygen tank is attached to administer the nebulizer treatment
O2 tank or air compressor is required

A

6-8 lpm

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21
Q

What are the indications of administering ipratropium bromide via a nebulizer treatment

A

treatment of bronchospasm with reversible obstructive airway disease, signs and symptoms of SOB, current prescription for rescuer inhaler type MDI

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22
Q

what are the contraindications of administering ipratropium bromide via a nebulizer treatment

A

hypersensitivity, unconscious i.e. unable to use the device, maximum dose reached prior to arrival, bromide hypersensitivity, no medical direction orders

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23
Q

what is the purpose of ipratropium bromide administration

A

bronchodilator

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24
Q

what is the adult dosage for ipratropium bromide administration

A

500 mg in 3mL saline

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25
Q

what is the pediatric dosage for administering ipratropium bromide

A

250 mg in 3mL saline

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26
Q

What are the side effects of ipratropium bromide being administered via a nebulizer

A

restlessness, tachycardia, anxiety, hypertension, chest pain of cardiac origin

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27
Q

What should the flow rate be when administering ipratropium bromide via a nebulizer

A

6-8 lpm

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28
Q

what risk does administering ipratropium bromide pose

A

may cause arrhythmias

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29
Q

what are the indications of administering aspirin

A

acute chest pain indicative of cardiac problems

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30
Q

what are the contraindications of aspirin

A

hypersensitivity, unconscious, unable to swallow, allergic to aspirin, evidence of a recent or current severe internal bleed, bleeding disorder; no medical direction orders

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31
Q

what is the action of aspirin

A

platelet inhibitor, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory agent

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32
Q

What is the dosage of aspirin that can be given

A

162-325 mg; 1 adult tablet or 4 baby aspirin at 81 mg each

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33
Q

What is the route of administration for aspirin

A

oral or chewed(PO)

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34
Q

What are the side effects of aspirin

A

heartburn, GI bleeding/stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, wheezing in allergic patients, prolonged bleeding

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35
Q

What is a caution when giving aspirin to patient

A

anticoagulants: if they are taking any other blood thinning medication

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36
Q

What are the indications of nitro

A

acute chest pain indicative of cardiac problem

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37
Q

what are the contraindications of nitro

A

hypersensitivity, systolic bp <100 mmHg, intracranial bleeding or head injury, pt has already had maximum dose, pt has taken erectile dysfunction medications in the last 24 hours, no medical direction orders

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38
Q

What is the action of nitro

A

vasodilator

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39
Q

What form can nitro be administered in

A

spray or tablet

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40
Q

What is the dosage of nitro and how many doses can be given

A

1 spray or 1 tablet at .3 or .4 mg; a total of 3 doses can be given

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41
Q

How is nitro administered

A

sublingually

42
Q

What are the side effects of nitro

A

headache, tingling under the tongue, hypotension, syncope, flushing, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, muscle twitching

43
Q

What are the indication for administering glucose

A

Change in mental status, history of diabetes, BGL <80mg/dL

44
Q

What are the contraindications of glucose

A

unconscious; unable to swallow, suspected stroke, nausea, vomiting, no medical direction orders

45
Q

What is the action that glucose has on the body

A

raises blood sugar

46
Q

What form does glucose come in

A

Gel, tablet

47
Q

What is the dosage of glucose and how many doses can be given

A

1 tube or 15 g; up to 2 doses can be given

48
Q

How many minutes should pass between each dose of glucose

A

5 minutes

49
Q

What is the route of administration for glucose

A

Oral/Buccal(PO)

50
Q

What are the side effects of glucose administration

A

Hyperglycemia, nausea, vomiting

51
Q

What is it important to remember before giving glucose
Hint: regarding airway

A

patient must have a patient airway and be able to follow commands

52
Q

What are the indications of narcan

A

Respiratory depression secondary to opioid overdose

53
Q

What are the contraindications of narcan

A

Hypersensitivity and no medical direction orders

54
Q

What is the action of narcan

A

competitive narcotic antagonist

55
Q

What form does narcan come in

A

liquid

56
Q

What is the dosage of narcan and how many doses can be administered

A

2.0 mg, 1 mg in each nare
Repeat dosing as needed until respirations are restored

57
Q

What is the route of administration for narcan

A

Intranasal/Intramuscular(IN/IM)

58
Q

What are the side effects of narcan

A

withdrawal syndrome, tachycardia, hypertension, dysthymias, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, combativeness

59
Q

What MIGHT happen if narcan is overused

A

noncardiogenic pulmonary edema

60
Q

What are the indications if activated charcoal

A

some oral poisoning and medication overdoses

61
Q

What medication overdoses can activated charcoal be used for

A

aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen

62
Q

What are the contraindications of activated charcoal

A

unconscious, unable to swallow, ingestion of alkali poisons, hydrocarbon, petroleum distillate, corrosive substances, cyanide, ethanol, iron, lithium, methanol, mineral acids, organic solvents, or heavy metals; simultaneous administration with other oral drugs, no medical direction orders

63
Q

What is the action of activated charcoal

A

adsorbent

64
Q

What else can be in activated charcoal besides an absorbent

A

a laxative

65
Q

What is the adult dosage for administering activated charcoal

A

1g/kg: 30 to 100g

66
Q

What is the pediatric dosage for activated charcoal

A

15-30 g

67
Q

What is the ratio of charcoal to water

A

1:4

68
Q

What are the side effects of activated charcoal

A

black, tarry stools, nausea, vomiting, constipation

69
Q

What is the administration consideration for activated charcoal

A

many activated charcoal preparations are premixed with sorbitol, an artificial sweetener and laxative

70
Q

What are the indications of epinephrine

A

Signs of severe allergic reaction causing airway, breathing, and/or circulatory compromise; anaphylactic reaction

71
Q

What are the contraindications of epinephrine

A

None when used in life-threatening emergency, no medical direction orders

72
Q

What is the action of epinephrine

A

bronchodilator, vasoconstrictor

73
Q

What form does epinephrine come in

A

liquid

74
Q

What is the adult dosage of epinephrine and how many doses can be given

A

0.3 mg and maximum of two doses

75
Q

How many minutes apart should epinephrine doses for adults be given

A

5 minutes

76
Q

What is the pediatric dose of epinephrine and how many doses can be given

A

.15 mg and only one dose maximum should be given

77
Q

Do Epi-Pens have a set amount of epinephrine in them

A

yes

78
Q

What is the route in which epinephrine is administered

A

Intramuscular(IM)

79
Q

What are the side effects of epinephrine

A

Hypertension, tachycardia, headache, burning at the injection site, anxiety, sweating, pale skin, palpations, dizziness

80
Q

What MIGHT happen if epinephrine is given to a child

A

syncope

81
Q

What is the main administration consideration when giving epinephrine to an adult

A

consultation with medical control if the patient has a history of heart disease or ACS

82
Q

What is the indication for giving Benadryl

A

Mild allergic reactions

83
Q

What are the contraindications for giving Benadryl

A

Hypersensitivity, asthma, glaucoma, pregnancy, hypertension, infants, monoamine oxidase inhibitor(MAO) usage; type of psychiatric medication, alcohol usage, no medical direction orders

84
Q

What is the action of Benadryl

A

antihistamine

85
Q

What form does Benadryl come in

A

Tablet

86
Q

What is the proper dosage of Benadryl to administer

A

25-50 mg

87
Q

What is the route that Benadryl is given

A

Oral(PO)

88
Q

What are the side effects of Benadryl

A

Sleepiness, dry mouth, dry throat; for some people Benadryl has the opposite effect and causes hyperactivity

89
Q

Can you still use Benadryl in the case of a severe allergic reaction, if so when

A

Yes, after epinephrine has been administered

90
Q

What are the indications for Tylenol

A

Relief of mild pain or fever, headache, muscle aches

91
Q

What are the contraindications of administering Tylenol

A

Hypersensitivity, no medical direction orders

92
Q

What is the action of Tylenol

A

antipyretic, analgesic

93
Q

What is the dose and form that Tylenol can be given in

A

Tablet; 500-1000 mg

94
Q

What route is Tylenol administered by

A

Oral(PO)

95
Q

What are the side effects of Tylenol administration

A

Allergic reaction

96
Q

What are the indications for ibuprofen administration

A

Relief of mild pain, or fever, headache, muscle aches

97
Q

What are the contraindications for ibuprofen administration

A

Hypersensitivity, no medical direction orders

98
Q

What is the action of ibuprofen

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID)

99
Q

What is the dosage and form for ibuprofen to be given

A

200-400mg in a tablet form

100
Q

What is the route of administration for ibuprofen

A

Oral(PO)

101
Q

What are the side effects of ibuprofen

A

Nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, bleeding, allergic reactions

102
Q

What medication could have a potentially harmful interaction with ibuprofen

A

Aspirin

EMT (5 decks)

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