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MCAT - chemistry (Karlee) > Phases > Flashcards

Phases Flashcards

1
Q

Solid to liquid

A

melting/fusion

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2
Q

Liquid to solid

A

freezing

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3
Q

Liquid to gas

A

evaporation

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4
Q

Gas to liquid

A

condensation

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5
Q

Solid to gas

A

sublimation

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6
Q

Gas to solid

A

deposition

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7
Q

Melting: endothermic or exothermic?

A

endothermic

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8
Q

Freezing: endothermic or exothermic?

A

exothermic

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9
Q

Evaporation: endothermic or exothermic?

A

endothermic

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10
Q

Condensation: endothermic or exothermic?

A

exothermic

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11
Q

Sublimation: endothermic or exothermic?

A

endothermic

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12
Q

Deposition: endothermic or exothermic?

A

exothermic

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13
Q

What is the ∆H of sublimation equal to?

A

∆H(sublimation) = ∆H(melting) + ∆H(evaporation)

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14
Q

What is the ∆H of deposition equal to?

A

∆H(deposition) = ∆H(condensation) + ∆H(freezing)

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15
Q

Describe the pressure conditions required for evaporation.

A

The vapor pressure of the liquid must be greater than the partial pressure of the above gaseous phase.

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16
Q

Describe the pressure conditions required for condensation.

A

The vapor pressure of the liquid must be less than the partial pressure of the above gaseous phase.

17
Q

Describe the pressure conditions required for boiling.

A

The vapor pressure of the liquid must be equal to the atmospheric pressure.

18
Q

Describe the pressure conditions required for melting.

A

The vapor pressure of the liquid must be equal to the vapor pressure of the solid.

19
Q

How might the partial pressure of the gas above a liquid be decreased?

A

By the wind, or anything else that increases the velocity of the gas. Increasing the velocity decreases the partial pressure of a gas, because gaseous partial pressure is dependent on velocity.

20
Q

How might the partial pressure of the gas above a liquid be increased?

A

By increasing the concentration of that gas.

21
Q

How might the vapor pressure of a liquid or solid be increased?

A

By increasing the temperature. Vapor pressure is dependent on temperature only, because it is influenced by kinetic energy.

22
Q

What is Standard State?

A

1 atm, 293 K

23
Q

What is STP?

A

1 atm, 273 K, molar volume = 22.4 L

24
Q

What is the molar volume?

A

Occurs at STP at 22.4 L.

25
Q

What is an adiabatic process?

A

A process with no heat transfer. q = 0, ∆E.

26
Q

What is an isothermal process?

A

A process with no change in internal energy. ∆E = 0, 0 = q + w.

27
Q

What is an isovolumetric process?

A

A process with no change in volume. w = 0, ∆E = q.

28
Q

Is the volume of a real gas greater or less than that of an ideal gas?

A

Less. Molecular interactions are stronger because the volume is not infinite.

29
Q

Is the pressure of a real gas greater or less than that of an ideal gas?

A

Greater.

MCAT - chemistry (Karlee) (10 decks)

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