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Philosophy > Philo Final > Flashcards

Philo Final Flashcards

1
Q

Identity Theory

A

Every mental state is identical to some physical state.

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2
Q

Physically possible

A

Something that is possible according to the laws of nature.

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3
Q

Metaphysically possible

A

Something that is possible in a conceivable in some world/universe.

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4
Q

Curruther’s Identity Theory Argument

A
  1. Some mental states are the causes of some physical events.
  2. But all physical events can be causally explained in terms of other physical events.
  3. If 1,2 then some mental states must be identical to some physical states.
  4. Therefore, some mental states are identical to some physical states.
  5. If some, then all…
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5
Q

Gertler’s Disembodiment Argument

A
  1. I can conceive of experiencing pain without a body.
  2. If 1 then it is possible to experience pain without a body.
  3. If it is possible to experience pain without having a body, then pin is not identical to any physical state.
  4. If pain is not identical to any physical state then the identity theory is false.
  5. Therefore, the identity theory is false.
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6
Q

Jackson’s Mary Argument (against physicalism)

A
  1. Marry will learn what it is to experience color first hand.
  2. If 1 then there is a mental state associated with seeing color.
  3. If 1&2 then physicalism is false.
  4. Therefore, physicalism is false.
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7
Q

Qualia

A

Mental states that have a particular feel to them (pain, tasting food, experiencing color/music)

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8
Q

Physicalism

A

The view that ALL facts come from the complete biological, chemical, and physical sciences.

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9
Q

Mcbrayer on Mora Facts

A

Children taught that things are either facts (something that is true about a subject and can be tested or proven) or opinion (What someone thinks, feels, or believes).
This is wrong. There are no moral facts or truths. Any claim with good, right, wrong, etc. is not a fact.

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10
Q

Define God

A 
Omniscient-knowing all that is true
Omnipresent-necessarily existent
Omnipotent-can do anything metaphysical
Omnibenevolent-always knows better from worse
Creative
Incorporeal
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11
Q

Pascal’s Wager

A
  1. The expected value of believing in God is far greater than not believing.
  2. If 1 then we all have good reason to believe in God.
  3. Therefore we all have good reason to believe in God.
    Believe/Disbelief vs God Exists/Doesn’t Exist
    If you believe you win everything, but if you don’t you lose nothing
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12
Q

Prudential evidence

A

You have reason to believe in P if you believe in P makes you better off.

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13
Q

Evidential reason

A

You have reason to believe in P if there is some evidence for P.

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14
Q

Aquainas revised Cosmological Argument

A
  1. There are contingent things and events happening now in the natural world.
  2. Every contingent thing and every event has a cause.
  3. Causes precede their effects.
  4. If 123 then there is a necessarily existing first cause.
  5. If there is a necessarily existing first cause then God exists.
  6. Therefore God exists.
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15
Q

Paley’s Human Eye Argument

A
  1. The amazingly intricate and useful human eye exists (evidence)
  2. This is a highly improbable if there is no god. 3. this is highly probable if there is a God.
  3. If evidence is much more likely given the God hypothesis, then given it’s denial, evident strongly supports the God hypothesis.
  4. Therefore evidence strongly supports the God hypothesis.
    H1-God exist.
    H2-God does not exist
    -Paramus two is compromised by Darwins evolution
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16
Q

Collins Fine Tuning Argument

A

The laws of physics or fine-tuned for life. This is highly improbable if there is no God. This is highly probable if there is a God. If evidence is much more likely given God exists, then the evidence strongly supports that God exists. This evidence strongly supports they got hypothesis.
H1-God exists
H2-chance

17
Q

Anselm’s Ontological Argument (a priori)

A
  1. If God exists only in understanding, then we can conceive of something greater (great making principle)
  2. We cannot conceive of something greater than God (by definition)
  3. Therefore God does not exist only in understanding (1,2,MT)
  4. Either God exists in reality or God exists only in understanding.
  5. Therefore God exists in reality (2,4,MT)
18
Q

Mackie’s Logical Problem of Evil

A
  1. If an Omnipotent, Omniscient, Omnibenevolent God exists, then there is no evil/suffering in the world.
  2. There is evil in the world.
  3. Therefore there an O,O,O God does not exits.
19
Q

Rowe’s Evidential Problem of Evil

A
  1. If an Omnipotent, Omniscient, Omnibenevolent God exists then there are no instances of intense suffering that could have happened without sacrificing some greater good.
  2. There are instances of intense suffering
  3. Therefore an Omnipotent, Omniscient, Omnibenevolent God exists.
20
Q

Moral vs Natural Evil

A

Moral evil-wrongful/hurtful actions preformed by free humans (murder, rape, stealing, lying)
Natural evil-pain/death that results from impersonal forces (natural disasters, sickness)

Philosophy (1 decks)

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