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Understanding the Self > Philosophical Perspective > Flashcards

Philosophical Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

philosophy came from the Greek words

A

Philos=Love + Sophia=Wisdom===
love for wisdom

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2
Q

It is a study of acquiring knowledge through
rational thinking and inquiries that involves in
answering questions regarding the nature and
existence of man and the world we live in.

A

Philosophy

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3
Q

It employs the inquisitive mind to
discover the ultimate causes, reasons,
and principles of everything.

A

Philosophy

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4
Q

is a topic of
interest among philosophers.

A

nature of the self

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5
Q

An enduring, stable self is seen as
existing at the core of a person.

A

Avocado self

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6
Q

It is the human nature of us
having the same outward
appearance while having a core
that makes us uniquely different
from others.

A

Avocado self

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7
Q

It could also be categorized as the
innate components that are
common to all humans and have
stabilized natures as a consequence.

A

Avocado

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8
Q

“Soul”

A

Avocado

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9
Q

Essentialism

A

Avocado

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10
Q

A person is understood as
protean with no enduring
stable core.

A

Artichoke

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11
Q

It is nothing but its layers, and
as circumstances change, the
artichokes layers may change
with them.

A

artichoke

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12
Q

Existentialism

A

Artichoke

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13
Q

usually described as “the
thingness of a thing” like what makes a
table a table, or a chair a chair.

A

essence

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14
Q

For the Ancient Greeks, the______is the source
of consciousness; the essence of life.

A

Soul

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15
Q

the origin or source; the “soul”; the
primal matter.

A

Arche

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16
Q

usually refers to the expressions of the soul
or the collective name of the distinct functions of
the soul, such as thinking, feeling, remembering,
and awareness.

A

Mind

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17
Q

In the early Christian period,
some philosophers, especially
theologians, emphasized the word
______ as the spiritual nature of
humankind, the human being’s divine
essence, or God-given essence.

A

soul

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18
Q

A Greek philosopher, mathematician and
astronomer.

A

Thales

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19
Q

Asserted that all things were animated and
living.

A

Thales

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20
Q

Suggested that LIFE is the core component
of the essence of things.

A

Thales

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21
Q

All things had the power to move given the
right way to make it happen

A

Prime mover

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22
Q

the essence of life,
the idea that living things possess a life
principle or the soul.

A

Vitalistic view

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23
Q

Aristotle regarded him as the first
philosopher in the Greek tradition, and he
was the first Westerner to engage in
scientific philosophy.

A

Thales

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24
Q

The first to use the term
PHILOSOPHY

A

Pythagoras

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25
Q

He was influenced by
Thales

A

Pythagoras

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26
Q

classical philosophers

A

Aristotle, Socrates, Plato

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27
Q

First Martyr of Education,
Knowledge and Philosophy

A

Socrates

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28
Q

Charged with corruption of
minors because he was
accused of corrupting the
minds of the youth.

A

Socrates

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29
Q

Made to choose between
exile and death via the intake
of hemlock.

A

Socrates

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30
Q

Died as martyr that fought
against ignorance and
narrow-mindedness

A

Socrates

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31
Q

For man to stand and live according to his
nature: man must look within himself/herself

A

Socrates

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32
Q

was the first thinker to focus on
the full power of reason on the human
self: who we are, who we should
be, and who we will become

A

Socrates

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33
Q

Socrates’ process of self-discovery

A

Introspection
Observation
Feedback
Assessment

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34
Q

“An unexamined life is not
worth living”

A

Socrates

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35
Q

The I is capable of
perceiving, knowing, and
understanding what the I is
experiencing.

A

socrates

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36
Q

One must get to know
one’s own psyche (true
self); one’s central identity
that makes one unique.

A

Socrates

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37
Q

Connects the idea of
consciousness as
experienced by the self, to
the soul.

A

Socrates

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38
Q

every man is
composed of body and
soul; 2 dichotomous
realms.

A

Dualistic

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39
Q

2 important aspects of Socrates’
personhood:

A

Body and Soul

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40
Q

– imperfect and
impermanent

A

Body

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41
Q

perfect and
permanent

A

Soul

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42
Q

Changeable, transient, and
imperfect.

A

Physical Realm

43
Q

The physical world in which we
live – comprising all that we see,
hear, taste, smell, and feel

A

physical realm

44
Q

All aspects of our physical world
are continually changing,
transforming, and disappearing.

A

physical realm

45
Q

Unchanging, eternal, and
immortal

A

Ideal realm

46
Q

includes the intellectual
essences of the universe –
concepts such as truth,
goodness, and beauty (VIRTUE)

A

Ideal Realm

47
Q

Our preoccupation with bodily needs such as
food, drink, sex, pleasure, material
possessions, and wealth keep us from
attaining wisdom

A

socrates

48
Q

A person can have a meaningful and happy life
only if he becomes virtuous and knows the
value of himself that can be achieved through
constant soul-searching.

A

Socrates

49
Q

best achieved when one tries
to separate the body from the soul as much as
possible.

A

Socrates

50
Q

The self is synonymous with the soul.

A

Socrates

51
Q

The soul is immortal hence, every
human possessed an immortal soul

A

Socrates

52
Q

Human life does not end at one’s death.

A

Socrates

53
Q

Socrates explained that death is the
departure of the soul for the eternal
world.

A

Socrates

54
Q

One continues to live in the world after
death.

A

Socrates

55
Q

Care for the soul

A

Socrates

56
Q

Knowledge is
virtuous; virtue
leads to happiness

A

Socrates

57
Q

Evil leads to
ignorance, which is
involuntary

A

Socrates

58
Q

Student of Socrates.
*Followed the idea of
Socrates in Knowing
Thyself

A

Plato

59
Q

Father of Academy (a place
where learning and sharing
of knowledge happens)
*Hence, considered as
prototype of today’s
universities

A

Plato

60
Q

The soul is immortal.

A

Plato

61
Q

The philosophy of the self can be
explained as a process of self-knowledge
and purification of the soul.

A

Plato

62
Q

He elaborates his concept of the threepart soul (the Greek word is psyche) in his later
dialogues such as the monumental Republic and
Phaedrus.

A

Plato

63
Q

3 part soul of plato

A

Spirit
Reason
Physical appetite

64
Q

Our Divine essence that enables us to think
deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true
understanding of eternal truths.

A

Reason

65
Q

Our basic emotions such as love,
anger, ambition, aggressiveness, and empathy

A

Spirit or Passion

66
Q

Our basic biological needs such as
hunger, thirst, and sexual desire

A

Physical Appetite

67
Q

believes
that it is the responsibility of our
Reason to sort things out and exert
control, restoring a harmonious
relationship among the three
elements of our selves

A

Plato

68
Q

believes that genuine happiness can
only be achieved by people who
consistently make sure that their Reason
is in control of their Spirits and Appetites.

A

Plato

69
Q

When these are attained, the human
person’s soul becomes just and virtuous.

A

Three-part soul

70
Q

A student of Plato

A

Aristotle

71
Q

The soul is the essence of self.

A

Aristotle

72
Q

Having a soul means being alive and only
living things have a soul.
 Soul distinguishes the living and
nonliving.

A

Aristotle

73
Q

The BODY and SOUL are not two separate
elements but are one thing.

A

Aristotle

74
Q

The SOUL is simply the FORM of the
BODY, and is not capable of existing
without body.
 The soul is that which makes a person a
person. The soul is the essence of the self.
 Without the body the soul cannot exist.
The soul dies along with the body.

A

Aristotle

75
Q

three kinds of soul

A

Vegetative, Sentient, Rational

76
Q

is attained by fulfilling
these man’s threefold nature

A

Self-realization

77
Q
  • includes the physical body that can grow.
A

Vegetative

78
Q
  • includes the physical body that can grow.
A

Sentient

79
Q

it what makes man human.
- it includes the intellect that makes man
know and understand things.

A

Rational

80
Q

Aristotle’s hierarchy of soul functions

A

Mind
Locomotive
Appetitive or Sensory
Nutritive

81
Q

believed that the center of
the soul was the HEART because it reacted
when one experienced joy or sorrow.

A

Aristotle

82
Q

believed that the seat of
reason, the organ of the soul, was the
BRAIN because it was nearer to the
heavens

A

Plato

83
Q

modern term
used to designate a
tradition of
philosophy that
arose in the 3rd
century CE and
persisted shortly
after the closing of
the Platonic
academ

A

Neoplatonism

84
Q

It can exist
independently of the
body.

A

Soul

85
Q

A Greek Philosopher who
founded the Neoplatonism
or the Neoplatonic school of
Philosophy

A

Plotinus

86
Q

He is a student of the selftaught philosopher,
Ammonius Saccas.

A

Plotinus

87
Q

After Plato and Aristotle,
__________ stands out as the
most accomplished and
influential philosopher of
Antiquity.

A

Plotinus

88
Q

3 basic principles of neoplatonism/plotinus

A

The One
The Intellect
The Soul

89
Q

“I AM DOUBTING,
THEREFORE I AM”

A

St. Augustine

90
Q

believed that the Humankind is created in
the image and likeness of God.

A

St. Augustine

91
Q

Describes 2cities made of love

A

City of God

92
Q

love of self and contempt of
God.
- satisfying personal gains only;

A

Earthly City

93
Q

made of love of God and
contempt of self
- Glorifies the Lord
- directed for the benefit of
others or a larger cause than the
self; selflessness

A

Heavenly City

94
Q

is clear that the
soul, which is in the image
and likeness of God is
without gender

A

Macrina the Younger

95
Q

FAITH & REASON: The Two Ways

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

96
Q

using our intellect to evaluate
various truth claims

A

Reason

97
Q

humans
(male and female) are created in the
“form of God”

A

Islam/Islamic Tradition

98
Q

Father of Modern
Philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

99
Q

Continuous process of questioning –what
we perceive and accepting the fact that
doubting, asking questions are part of one’s
existence.

A

Methodical Doubt by rene

100
Q

“I THINK
THEREFORE I AM”

A

Rene Descartes

101
Q

“I ACT THEREFORE I AM”.

A

Gilbert Ryle

102
Q

believed that the self is
best understood as a pattern of
behavior, the tendency for a
person to behave in a certain
way in certain circumstances.

A

Gilbert Ryle

103
Q

The SELF is the BRAIN

A

Paul Churchland

Understanding the Self (3 decks)

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