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understanding the self 1 > Philosophical perspectives > Flashcards

Philosophical perspectives Flashcards

1
Q

The armored infantry where Socrates served

A

Hoplite

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2
Q

Why was Socrates placed on trial

A

impiety

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3
Q

How was Socrates killed

A

Poisoning

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4
Q

Concept about man being composed of body and soul

A

Dualistic

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5
Q

Who claimed that the body is imperfect and the soul is perfect and permanent

A

Socrates

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6
Q

Who said “the unexamined life is not worth living for beings”

A

Socrates

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7
Q

What does Socrates say about knowledge and ignorance

A

Knowledge is virtue; Ignorance is vice

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8
Q

A student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle

A

Plato

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9
Q

Who was able to found an academy in Athens and came from Greek aristocracy

A

Plato

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10
Q

Main concept of Plato

A

Tripartite soul

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11
Q

Composition of Tripartite soul

A

Reason, Spirit, and Appetitive

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12
Q

Attached to knowledge and truth. Concerned to guide and regulate life.

A

Reason

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13
Q

Motivating force for ambition and self-assertion.

A

Spirit

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14
Q

What is the natural attachment of the spirit

A

honor, recognition, and esteem by others

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15
Q

Concerned with food, drink, and sex

A

Appetitive

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16
Q

Gives rise to desires and money-loving part

A

Appetitive

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17
Q

Criticized Plato for being too metaphysical

A

Aristotle

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18
Q

Main concept of Aristotle

A

World: Matter and Form

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19
Q

PLATO: The Real is immaterial and in the World of
Forms

ARISTOTLE:

A

The real is the sensible or what can be perceived

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20
Q

Where was St Augustine born

A

Tagaste, in Numidia

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21
Q

What did St Augustine write

A

Confession, City of God

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22
Q

When and who was St. Augustine baptized by

A

Bishop Ambrose of Milan on Easter Sunday

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23
Q

Augustine’s View on human nature

A

body-soul composite

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24
Q

According to St Augustine human nature is defined by what

A

Original sin

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25
Q

is conceived in terms that stress the role played by reason in a life that is in keeping with the larger order

A

Human agency

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26
Q

Goal of every human according to Augustine

A

to attain communion and bliss with the divine by living in virtue while on earth

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27
Q

Where was St Thomas Aquinas sent to train among the Benedictine monks

A

Abbey of Monte Cassino

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28
Q

When and where was St. Thomas Aquinas ordained

A

Cologne, Germany, in 1250

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29
Q

St. Thomas earned his doctrine under the tutelage of whom?

A

St Albert the Great

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30
Q

Make up everything in the universe

A

Matter (Hyle)

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31
Q

Essence of a substance

A

Form

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32
Q

Function of nutrition and reproduction

A

Vegetative

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33
Q

By which higher animals perceive and respond to
their environment. Includes locomotion

A

Sensitive

34
Q

Humans are able to use speech and have abstract thoughts

A

Rational

35
Q

What did Rene Descartes famously said

A

Cogito, ergo sum - “I think, therefore I am”

36
Q

Father of Modern Philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

37
Q

What does it mean to be a real seeker of truth

A

“If you would be a real seeker after truth, it is necessary that at least once in your life you doubt, as far as possible, all things.”

38
Q

Keystone of Descartes’s concept of self

A

Cogito, ergo sum

39
Q

Material, mortal nonthinking entity, fully governed by the physical laws of nature.

A

Physical self (body)

40
Q

A spiritual, nonmaterial, immortal realm that includes conscious, thinking being

A

Mind

41
Q

Locke on personal identity

A

The self is consciousness

42
Q

Where knowledge originates from

A

direct sense experience

43
Q

Who claims that A person is also someone who considers itself to be the same thing in different times and different places.

A

John Locke

44
Q

What are the keys in understanding the self?

A

Conscious awareness and memory

45
Q

According to John Locke It is in _________ alone that identity exist, not in the body and soul

A

consciousness

46
Q

Main concept of David Hume

A

A bundle of perceptions/impression

47
Q

basic sensations of our experience, the elemental data of our minds.
Ex. pain, pleasure, heat, cold, happiness, grief, fear, exhilaration,

A

Impression

48
Q

Copies of impression, less lively and vivid

A

Ideas

49
Q

Perception of David Hume about self

A

A “bundle or collection of
different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement.”

50
Q

Impressions are ____ and _____

A

Lively and vivid

51
Q

Who argues regarding “constant and invariable” self

A

David Hume

52
Q

Perception of self by Immanuel Kant

A

We construct the self

53
Q

Role of the mind according to Immanuel Kant

A

The mind organizes impressions

54
Q

Perception of self by Immanuel Kant

A

our self that makes experiencing an intelligible world
possible because it’s the self that is responsible for synthesizing the discreet data of sense experience into a meaningful whole.

55
Q

a subject, an organizing principle that makes a unified and intelligible experience possible

A

The self

56
Q

What makes the self a regulative principle

A

The self regulates experiences by making unified experience possible

57
Q

Main concept of Gilbert Ryle

A

The self is how you behave

58
Q

What is Gilbert Ryle’s argument regarding the mind and body

A

The mind and the body seem connected in complex and intimate ways that
spatial metaphors simply don’t capture.

59
Q

What does Ryle call the idea regarding the mind being a seat of self

A

Ghost In The Machine

60
Q

How is self best understood according to Ryle

A

A pattern of behavior, the tendency or disposition for a person to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances

61
Q

Main concept of Paul Churchland

A

Eliminative Materialism

62
Q

radical claim that our ordinary,
common sense understanding of the mind is deeply wrong and
that some or all of the mental states posited by common sense
do not actually exist.

A

Eliminative materialism

63
Q

The new conceptual framework of Paul Churchland will be based on and will integrate all that we are learning about

A

how the brain works on
a neurological level

64
Q

Main concept of Maurice Merleau-Ponty

A

The self is embodied subjectivity

65
Q

an entity that can never be objectified or known in a completely objective sort of way, as opposed to the “body as object” of the dualists.

A

“I live in my body.”

66
Q

“There is not a duality of substances but only the dialectic of living being in its biological milieu.”

A

Mind-body intertwined.

67
Q

an actively engaged intelligence in man that
synthesizes all knowledge and experience.

A

Self according to Kant

68
Q

who claims that without the self, one cannot organize the different impressions that one gets in relations to his own
existence.

A

Immanuel Kant

69
Q

Argues that there is an inner self and outer self

A

Immanuel Kant

70
Q

According to Locke, it is ________ alone that identity exist not in the body and soul

A

consciousness

71
Q

Lock argues that the _____ may change, but __________ remains intact

A

soul, consciousness

72
Q

According to Ryle The ________ is a category mistake, brought about by habitual use.

A

Mind

73
Q

Ryle argues that What truly matters is the ________ that a person manifests in his day to day life

A

Behavior

74
Q

Ponty argues that all ________ is embodied

A

experience

75
Q

Ponty argues that the self is

A

The emotion, living body, his thoughts, and experiences

76
Q

Ponty’s view on the mind-body

A

Mind-Body intertwined

77
Q

Christian Bishop and Theologian

A

St Augustine

78
Q

Doctor of the Catholic Church

A

St Augustine

79
Q

Saint, Theologian, Philosopher, Priest (c. 1225-1274)

A

St Thomas Aquinas

80
Q

Father of Rationalism

A

Rene Descartes

81
Q

Empiricism

A

Locke

understanding the self 1 (1 decks)

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