Philosophy

Question 1

Definition of Humanism, and what were the aims?

Answer 1

Displaces God, man at the centre.

Aims:
1. Recover values of classical life
2. Imitate style and language

Question 2

Who is the father of Humanists?

Answer 2

Cicero

Question 3

Functions of myths:

Answer 3

1. Physical: explain seasons
2. Historical: Gods were earthly rulers who taught skills (healing)
3. Moral: personification of virtues and vices

Question 4

Nachleben

Answer 4

Adaptation of a myth by later writers, thereby ensuring afterlife of a character.

Question 5

Intertextuality, and how to establish this?

Answer 5

Relationship between one text and another.
1. Quotation
2. Allusion (reference to another text)

Question 6

Philosophy

Answer 6

Love of wisdom and the study of basic ideas about;
1. Knowledge
2. Truth
3. Right and wrong (ethics)
4. Religion

Question 7

Natural philosophers during the the first Archaic period

Answer 7

1. Thales (water)
2. Permanides (everything flows)
3. Heraclitus (being vs. becoming, abstract thinking)

Question 8

Protagoras

Answer 8

“Man is a measure of all things. He is a Sophist.

Question 9

Sophists

Answer 9

Made ethics part of philosophy. Protagoras.

Question 10

The Classical Period

Answer 10

1. Challenged Sophists
2. Socratic method; questions
3. Distinction between Being and Becoming

Question 11

Plato’s philosophy

Answer 11

2 worlds of Ideas/Forms and second sensible by the senses (i.e. material world which is the reflection of the first).

Question 12

Periods of Plato

Answer 12

1. Follows Socrates
2. Ideas of his own
3. Epistemology; the theory of knowledge (how do we know that we know?);

Question 13

Aristotle contributed to;

Answer 13

1. Logic (axioms)
2. Natural philosophy (chemistry, biology)
3. Metaphysics

Question 14

The Hellenistic Period consisted of;

Answer 14

1. Stoa (Zeno)
2. Epicureanism; goal = mental balance

Question 15

The Greek-Roman Period consists of;

Answer 15

1. Late Stoa (happiness not as goal)
2. Neostoicism
3. Neoplatonism
4. Florentines Neoplatonism (Ficino)
5. The Cambridge Platonists