phonological development Flashcards
what is the IPA?
international phonetic association
according to the IPA, how many phonemes are there in all the languages in the world?
100
roughly how many phonemes does each language use?
50
how many consonant phonemes does english use?
24
how many vowel phonemes does english use?
20
how many consonant and vowel phonemes does english use in total?
44
how many places of articulation are there?
9
define virtuous error
any speech mistake a child makes
define addition (virtuous error)
adding a sound to the end of a word eg: dog becomes doggie
define reduplication (virtuous error)
repeating the same sound eg: choochoo
define deletion (virtuous error)
usually occurs on the last phoneme of a word eg: cat becomes ca.
This also applies to words when the emphasis in at the back of the word, eg: banana becomes nana
define consonant cluster reduction (virtuous error)
children find groups of consonants hard to pronounce, so they will often reduce consonant groups to smaller units
define substitution (virtuous error)
when children replace a difficult sound with an easier one eg: zebra becomes debra
define assimilation (virtuous error)
where substitution occurs, but the sound changes because of the other sounds around it eg: dog becomes gog
what is a consonant cluster?
groups of consonants without any vowels
