Phonological processes

Question 1

Final consonant deletion

Answer 1

omission of final consonant eg. be for bed, bi for beach. Gone by 2

Question 2

Reduplication

Answer 2

2nd syllable becomes a reduplication of 1st e.g wawa for water gone by 2-2.5

Question 3

Voicing

Answer 3

majority of voicing errors are those of pre-vocalic voicing i.e the voiceless consonant before a vowel (pre-vocalic) is voiced e.g /ga/ for car. Gone by 2 and 11 months

Question 4

Stopping

Answer 4

substituting stops for fricatives e.g ten for sun. Gone by 3.5 years

Question 5

Assimilation

Answer 5

changes where the sound is influenced by another sound in the utterance e.g. bip for zip, kik for kiss, munny for bunny. Gone by 3 years 9 months

Question 6

Weak syllable deletion

Answer 6

the omission of an unstressed syllable e.g. nana for banana. Gone by 3 years 11 months

Question 7

Fronting

Answer 7

place of articulation more anteriorly located than intended sound e.g. ta for car, or palatal fronting e.g. so for sure. Gone by 3 years 11 months

Question 8

Cluster reduction

Answer 8

simplification of consonant clusters into single consonant. e.g. poon for spoon. Gone by 4 years

Question 9

Fricative simplification

Answer 9

replacement of a non-labial sound by a labial one e.g. fem for thumb. Gone by 5 years

Question 10

Gliding of liquids

Answer 10

refers to the replacement of (primarily) the liquids /r and /l/ with glides /w/ and /j/ e.g. wed for red and wuk for look and bawun for balloon. Gone by 5 years and 11 months.

Question 11

Order of resolving processes

Answer 11

Gone by 3= Final consonant deletion, reduplication, voicing.
Gone by 4= Stopping, Assimilation, Weak syllable deletion, Fronting, Cluster reduction
Gone by 5 Fricative simplification
Gone by 6= Gliding