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PEDS > Physical Assessment Findings > Flashcards

Physical Assessment Findings Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pulse rate for a newborn?

A

110-160/ min

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2
Q

What is the pulse rate for a newborn/ infant 2 days to 1 year?

A

90-120/ min

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3
Q

What is the pulse rate for a infant 1-2 years old?

A

80-140/ min

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4
Q

Fontanels should be _______________

A

Soft and flat

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5
Q

Posterior fontanel should close by ______________________

A

8 weeks of age/ 2 months

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6
Q

The anterior fontanel usually closes between ___________________

A

12 and 18 months

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7
Q

A patient presents to have a “flat head” what is this called?

A

Plagiocephaly

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8
Q

Hair loss and balding spots on infants can indicate what?

A

The infant is spending too much time in the same position

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9
Q

At what age could you start use the snellen (tumbling E) eye chart?

A

Age 3

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10
Q

Expected in a newborn, and if not resolved by 3-4 months, you should notify the provider

A

Strabismus

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11
Q

How should you examine the internal ear of a child < 3 years of age?

A

Pull the pin a down and back

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12
Q

In children older than 3, you should pull the pinna __________

A

Up and back

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13
Q

How should a infant react when they hear a sound?

A

Turn toward sound

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14
Q

T or F Oral candidiasis is easily removed

A

False

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15
Q

How many teeth should an infant have by 12 months

A

6-8 teeth

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16
Q

Apical pulse should be assessed in ages __________

A

Infant
Toddler
Preschool

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17
Q

Have rounded abdomens

A

Infants and toddlers

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18
Q

Should have flat abdomens

A

Children and adolescents

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19
Q

Bowel sounds in children should be heard every __________

A

5-30 seconds

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20
Q

Bow-legged or knock knee appearance is a common finding in __________

A

Toddlers and young children

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21
Q

Sucking and rooting reflex should disappear by __________

A

4 months

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22
Q

Palmar grasp should disappear by ___________

A

4 months

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23
Q

Elicited by placing an object in an infants palm and the infant grasps the object

A

Palmar grasp

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24
Q

Elicited by touching the sole of an infants foot and the infants toes curl downward

A

Plantar grasp

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25
Q

Plantar grasp should disappear by __________

A

8 months

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26
Q

Moro reflex should disappear by __________

A

4 months

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27
Q

Tonic neck reflex should disappear by __________

A

3-4 months

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28
Q

Babinski reflex should disappear by __________

A

1 year/ 12 months

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29
Q

Stepping reflex should disappear by __________

A

4 weeks

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30
Q

Head lag and has strong grasp reflex

A

1 month

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31
Q

Lifts head off mattress when prone and holds hands in a open position, grasp reflex fading

A

2 months

32
Q

Play for an infant birth - 3 months

A

Colorful moving mobiles, music, sound boxes

33
Q

Play for infants 3 to 6 months

A

Noise making objects, soft toys, mirrors

34
Q

Play for infants 6-9 months

A

Teething toys
Social interaction
Nesting toys
Mirrors

35
Q

Raises head and shoulder off mattress when prone and no longer has a grasp reflex, keeps hands loosely open

A

3 months

36
Q

Rolls from back to side, and grasps objects with both hands

A

4 months

37
Q

Rolls from front to back and uses palmar grasp dominantly

A

5 months

38
Q

Rolls from back to front and holds bottle

A

6 months

39
Q

Bears full weight on feet, sits leaning forward on both hands and moves objects from hand to hand

A

7 months

40
Q

Sit unsupported, and begins using pincer grasp (pick up an object with 2 fingers)

A

8 months

41
Q

Pulls to a standing position, creeps on hands and knees (crawls) and has a crude pincer grasp, dominant hand preference evident

A

9 months

42
Q

Changes from prone to a sitting position, and grasps rattle by its handle

A

10 months

43
Q

Cruises or walks along on something and places object in a container, near pincer grasp

A

11 months

44
Q

Sits down from a standing position without assistance, walks with one hand held, and tries to build a two-block tower without success, can turn pages in a book (several at a time)

A

12 months

45
Q

Process by which an infant learns an object still exists when it is out of view. Occurs approximately 9 to 10 months of age

A

Object permanence

46
Q

__________ is the first form of verbal communication

A

Crying

47
Q

Crying decreases by _____ weeks of age

A

12

48
Q

Vocalizes with cooing noises by __________

A

3 to 4 months

49
Q

Turns head to the sound of a rattle by __________

A

3 months

50
Q

Laughs and squeals by __________

A

4 months

51
Q

Makes single vowel sounds by __________

A

2 months

52
Q

By __________ months the consonants are added

A

3 to 4 months

53
Q

How many word should be said by the age of 1 year

A

3 to 5 words

54
Q

Comprehends the word “no” and obeys single commands accompanied by gestures by __________

A

9 to 10 months

55
Q

Separation anxiety begins around ________

A

4 to 8 months of age

56
Q

Stranger fear becomes evident between __________

A

6 to 8 months

57
Q

Cows milk should not be given until __________

A

12 months/ 1 year

58
Q

When should fruits and veggies be introduced?

A

6 to 8 months

59
Q

These foods should not be started until after 6 months

A

Citrus foods
Meats
Eggs

60
Q

Why should honey not be given for the first year of life?

A

Infant botulism

61
Q

How many words should be used by the age of 2 years?

A

50 to 300 words

62
Q

Using one-word sentences or holophrases

A

1 year

63
Q

Using multi-word sentences by combining two or three words

A

2 years

64
Q

Combining several words to create simple sentences

A

3 years

65
Q

Parallel play

A

Toddlers

66
Q

Children playing independently but among other children

A

Parallel play

67
Q

Walks without help and is able to creep up stairs

A

15 months

68
Q

Uses a cup well and builds a tower of two blocks

A

15 months

69
Q

Runs clumsy and falls often, manages a spoon without rotations, builds a tower of three or four blocks

A

18 months

70
Q

Walks up and down stairs by placing both feet in each step, is able to build a tower of six or seven blocks and turn pages of books one at a time

A

2 years

71
Q

Jumps accords the floor and off a chair or step using both feet. Stands on one foot momentarily and takes a few steps in tiptoe. Able to draw circles

A

2.5 years

72
Q

At what age should you switch to low-fat milk

A

2 years

73
Q

How many ounces should a toddler consume of whole milk

A

24-28 oz

74
Q

How much sleep should a toddler average per day?

A

11 to 12 hours including one nap

75
Q

Appropriate finger food choices for an infant and toddler

A

Ripe fruit (no grapes)
Noodles
Toast strips

PEDS (1 decks)

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