Physical landscape overview Flashcards
1
Q
How are igneous rocks formed, and what are some examples of igneous rocks?
A
- formed by magma cooling in the surface of the Earth
- granite and obsidian
2
Q
How are sedimentary rocks formed, and what are some examples?
A
- formed by sediment from weathered rock compacting in layers at the bottom of lakes and oceans
- limestone and sandstone
3
Q
How are metamorphic rocks formed, and what are some examples?
A
- formed when rocks are subjected to high heat and pressure, which changes them into a new type of rock
- marble and slate
4
Q
What rock is the UK mainly made of?
A
Sedimentary
5
Q
Where do igneous and metamorphic rocks generally appear in the UK?
A
Upper land areas of Northern Scotland
6
Q
What is a batholith?
A
A very large mass of intrusive, igneous rock that forms and cools deep in the Earth’s crust
Becomes exposed through weathering
7
Q
What are the steps to a batholith forming?
A
- Large mass of magma intrudes into the ground, which cools and solidifies
- Large crystals form in the rock, like granite
- The dome shaped rock gets exposed over time through weathering
8
Q
How are U shaped valleys formed?
A
- A glacier goes down a V-shaped valley and plucks rocks which rub against the valley bed
- this deepens and widens it, so it becomes U shaped
9
Q
Where are ribbon lakes found?
A
U shaped valleys
10
Q
What are ribbon lakes?
A
Long, thin lakes that collect rain and melt water from melted glaciers
