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Physical Science > Physical Science Final Exam 2025 > Flashcards

Physical Science Final Exam 2025 Flashcards

Final Prep (85 cards)

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1
Q

A well-organized procedure that tests an idea.
a. hypothesis
b. model
c. experiment
d. bias

A

c. experiment

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2
Q

A prediction or explanation that can be tested by experimentation.
a. bias
b. experiment
c. hypothesis
d. independent variable

A

c. hypothesis

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3
Q

Something that represents an idea or object to help people better understand it.
a. experiment
b. standard
c. technology
d. model

A

d. model

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4
Q

Which variable in an experiment is specifically changed by the scientist?
a. independent variable
b. dependent variable
c. variable
d. volume

A

a. independent variable

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5
Q

What occurs when the expectations of a scientist change how the results of an experiment are viewed?
a. bias
b. density
c. variable
d. control

A

a. bias

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6
Q

An exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison.
a. degree
b. standard
c. variable
d. control

A

b. standard

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7
Q

Mass per unit volume of a material.
a. mass
b. volume
c. constant
d. density

A

d. density

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8
Q

Application of scientific knowledge of materials and processes to benefit people.
a, volume
b. society
c. technology
d. control

A

c. technology

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9
Q

A group of people that share similar values and beliefs.
a. society
b. scientists
c. students
d. people

A

a. society

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10
Q

A quantity in an experiment that can have more than one value.
a. control
b. variable
c. constant
d. theory

A

b. variable

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11
Q

The amount of space occupied by an object.
a. mass
b. matter
c. volume
d. theory

A

c. volume

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12
Q

A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested.
a. constant
b. independent variable
c. dependent variable
d. control

A

d. control

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13
Q

A factor that changes in an experiment from manipulation of the independent variable.
a. dependent variable
b. independent variable
c. control
d. variable

A

a. dependent variable

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14
Q

A factor that does not change in an experiment.
a. variable
b. matter
c. constant
d. theory

A

c. constant

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15
Q

A statement that describes what happens in nature.
a. theory
b. scientific law
c. constant
d. variable

A

b. scientific law

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16
Q

An explanation of an event that is based on repeated observations and experiments.
a. theory
b. scientific law
c. constant
d. variable

A

a. theory

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17
Q

Anything that takes up space and has mass.
a. mass
b. space
c. matter
d. constant

A

c. matter

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18
Q

What is the quantity of matter in an object.
a. mass
b. space
c. matter
d. constant

A

a. mass

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19
Q

A visual display of data.
a. graph
b. model
c. space
d. matter

A

a. graph

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20
Q

The improved, universally accepted version of the metric system that is based on multiples of ten and includes the meter (m), liter (L), and kilogram (kg).
a. Standard System of Units (SS)
b. International System of Units (SI)
c. Metric System of Units (MS)
d. none of the above

A

b. International System of Units (SI)

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21
Q

The steps of the scientific methods in order from top to bottom.

A

state the problem
gather information
form a hypothesis
test the hypothesis
analyze data
draw conclusions

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22
Q

What is described by the direction and speed of an object?
a. direction
b. speed
c. acceleration
d. velocity

A

d. velocity

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23
Q

The change in velocity divided by the time needed for the change to occur.
a. acceleration
b. time
c. speed
d. velocity

A

a. acceleration

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24
Q

Any change of distance over time.
a. fraction
b. speed
c. velocity
d. acceleration

A

b. speed

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25
The distance and direction between the final position and the starting position. a. acceleration b. speed c. displacement d. vector
c. displacement
26
The product of an objects mass and velocity. a. momentum b. speed c. acceleration d. vector
a. momentum
27
Acceleration toward the center of a curved or circular path. a. momentum b. motion c. centripetal acceleration d. centripetal velocity
c. centripetal acceleration
28
A change in an objects position relative to a reference point. a. displacement b. motion c. momentum d. vector
b. motion
29
A region of space that has a physical quantity (such as force) at every point. a. space b. galaxy c. field d. quantity
c. field
30
A push or pull that one body exerts on another. a. field b. weight c. inertia d. force
d. force
31
The force that opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching each other. a. field b. friction c. force d. fraction
b. friction
32
The attractive force between two objects that depends on their masses and the distance between them. a. space b. field c. gravity d. fraction
c. gravity
33
The combination of all the forces acting on an object. a. net force b. inertia c. centripetal force d. air resistance
a. net force
34
The amount of gravitational force exerted on an object. a. gravity b. force c. friction d. weight
d. weight
35
What measures an object's tendency to resist changing its motion. a. inertia b. friction c. gravity d. force
a. inertia
36
Which of Newton's laws of motion states that an object will remain at rest or keep moving unless a force acts on it? a. Newton's first law of motion b. Newton's second law of motion c. Newton's third law of motion d. law of conservation of momentum
a. Newton's first law of motion
37
Which of Newton's laws of motion states that the acceleration of an object is in the same direction as the net force acts on it? a. Newton's first law of motion b. Newton's second law of motion c. Newton's third law of motion d. law of conservation of momentum
b. Newton's second law of motion
38
Which of Newton's laws of motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction force? a. Newton's first law of motion b. Newton's second law of motion c. Newton's third law of motion d. law of conservation of momentum
c. Newton's third law of motion
39
What is the upward force exerted on an object falling through air? a. gravity b. air resistance c. resistance d. friction
b. air resistance
40
When an object moves in a circular path, it accelerates toward the center of a circle as a result of what type of force? a. centripetal force b. friction c. inertia d. gravity
a. centripetal force
41
If gravity is the only force acting on an object, what state is the object in? a. gravity b. air resistance c. inertia d. free fall
d. free fall
42
What law states that if no external forces act on a group of objects, their total momentum does not change? a. Newton's first law of motion b. Newton's second law of motion c. Newton's third law of motion d. law of conservation of momentum
d. law of conservation of momentum
43
What is the energy an object has due to its motion? a. kinetic energy b. chemical potential energy c. elastic potential energy d. potential energy
a. kinetic energy
44
What is the energy stored due to chemical bonds? a. kinetic energy b. chemical potential energy c. elastic potential energy d. potential energy
b. chemical potential energy
45
What is the energy stored by objects that stretch, compress, or bend? a. kinetic energy b. chemical potential energy c. elastic potential energy d. potential energy
c. elastic potential energy
46
What is the energy stored due to the interactions between objects? a. kinetic energy b. chemical potential energy c. elastic potential energy d. potential energy
d. potential energy
47
What is the energy stored by objects that can fall? a. kinetic energy b. chemical potential energy c. gravitational potential energy d. potential energy
c. gravitational potential energy
48
A device that does work with only one movement. a. simple machine b. compound machine c. complex machine d. efficiency
a. simple machine
49
What is the ability to cause change? a. work b. machine c. energy d. system
c. energy
50
What is a force applied through a distance? a. work b. machine c. energy d. system
a. work
51
What is the rate at which energy is transformed? a. work b. energy c. system d. power
d. power
52
A device that can increase distance, increase force, or change direction. a. system b. machine c. work d. power
b. machine
53
What law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed? a. Newton's first law of motion b. Newton's second law of motion c. Newton's third law of motion d. law of conservation of energy
d. law of conservation of energy
54
What is the ratio of the output work to the input work of a machine? a. mechanical advantage b. power c. work d. efficiency
d. efficiency
55
What is a combination of two or more simple machines? a. mechanical energy b. compound machine c. complex machine d. potential energy
b. compound machine
56
What is the ratio of output force to the input force of a machine? a. mechanical energy b. simple machine c. complex machine d. mechanical advantage
d. mechanical advantage
57
Anything around which you can imagine a boundary; it can be a single object or group of objects. a. space b. force field c. system d. machine
c. system
58
What is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object? a. convection b. heat c. thermal energy d. temperature
d. temperature
59
What is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles in an object? a. convection b. heat c. thermal energy d. temperature
c. thermal energy
60
What is thermal energy that is transferred from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature. a. convection b. heat c. thermal energy d. temperature
b. heat
61
What is the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter. a. conduction b. convection c. radiation d. thermodynamics
b. convection
62
What is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves? a. conduction b. convection c. radiation d. thermodynamics
c. radiation
63
What is the transfer of energy through matter by the direct contact of particles? a. conduction b. convection c. radiation d. thermodynamics
a. conduction
64
Which law of thermodynamics states that if the mechanical energy of a system is constant, the increase in thermal energy of that system equals the sum of the thermal energy transferred into that system and the work done by that system? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
a. first
65
What type of engine is a heat engine that burns inside a set of cylinders. a. convection b. heat c. internal combustion d. external combustion
c. internal combustion
66
What type of engine is a device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy? a. convection b. heat c. internal combustion d. external combustion
b. heat
67
What is the study of the relationships between heat, work and thermal energy? a. temperature b. specific heat c. thermodynamics d. thermal energy
c. thermodynamics
68
What is a device that transforms the Sun's radiant energy into thermal energy? a. insulator b. solar collector c. window d. thermal insulator
b. solar collector
69
What is the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material by 1 degree Celsius. a. temperature b. heat c. solar collector d. specific heat
d. specific heat
70
Which law of thermodynamics states that thermal energy can be transferred from a cooler location to a warmer location only when work is done. a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
b. second
71
A place where thermal energy is slowly transferred. a. thermal energy b. thermal insulator c. solar collector d. solar insulator
b. thermal insulator
72
What exerts the force that causes other electric charges to move? a. force field b. electric field c. system d. circuit
b. electric field
73
What law states that electric charge is not created or destroyed? a. law of conservation of energy b. Newton's third law c. law of conservation of charge d. first law of thermodynamics
c. law of conservation of charge
74
What is a closed, conducting path? a. electric charge b. resistance c. circuit d. series
c. circuit
75
What is the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons? a. electric charge b. resistance c. circuit d. series
b. resistance
76
What is the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy? a. electric charge b. electric power c. voltage difference d. static electricity
b. electric power
77
In which type of circuit are there two or more branches for current to move through? a. series b. circuit c. insulator d. parallel
d. parallel
78
In which type of circuit does charge have only one loop to flow through? a. series b. circuit c. insulator d. parallel
a. series
79
The process of transferring charge by touching. a. conductor b. charging by contact c. charging by induction d. net charge
b. charging by contact
80
A material in which electrons are able to move. a. circuit b. conductor c. series d. insulator
b. conductor
81
What is the net movement of electric charges in a single direction called? a. electric field b. electrical power c. electric current d. insulator
c. electric current
82
The statement, current is equal to the voltage difference divided by the resistance, is know as what law? a. law of conservation of energy b. law of resistance c. ohm's law d. newton's law
c. ohm's law
83
Electric charge that has been accumulated on an object is referred to as what? a. electric charge b. static electricity c. resistance d. electrical power
b. static electricity
84
What is a material through which electrons do not move easily? a. conductor b. electroscope c. circuit d. insulator
d. insulator
85
When an isolated object becomes charged by induction, which best describes the net charge on the object? a. the net charge does not change b. the net charge increases c. the net charge decreases d. the net charge becomes zero
a. the net charge does not change

Physical Science (7 decks)

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