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PHYSIO > PHYSIO-INTRODUCTION > Flashcards

PHYSIO-INTRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cells are liver and kidney cells that need to be stimulated to reproduce

A

STABLE OR QUIESCENT CELLS (while neurons,skeletal,muscles,cardiac are PERMANENT ; skin-LABILE(actively producing)

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2
Q

content of the nucleus that is positively charged rich in Lysine and Arginine

A

HISTONES

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3
Q

content of the nucleus that is negatively charged wrapped around by proteins to be smaller

A

DNA

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4
Q

content of the nucleus which is a combination of DNA and Histones

A

CHROMOSOMES

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5
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

WHO DOES NOT KNOW THIS?. F.U.

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6
Q

for detoxification, lipid synthesis ; lipid-soluble to water soluble “MR CLEAN”

A

SMOOTH / AGRANULAR ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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7
Q

for synthesis of CHONs bound for the cell membrane, lysosomes, outside of the cell

A

RER Ribosomes

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8
Q

for synthesis of CHONs bound for the cytoplasm and mitochondria

A

FREE FLOATING RIBOSOMES

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9
Q

for regression of tissues and AUTOLYSIS ; suicide bags of the cells ; destroys FBs

A

LYSOSOMES

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10
Q

degrades memb-assoc CHONs, not memb bound

A

Proteosomes

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11
Q

for PACKING , molecular tagging and synthesis of Hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate

A

Golgi Apparatus

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12
Q

contains proenzymes, neurotransmitters and replenishes cell memb comp.

A

Secretery vesicles

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13
Q

contains oxidases, catalases, for DETOXIFICATION

A

Peroxisomes

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14
Q

nucleus WITHOUT a nucleulus seen in???

A

Orphan annie (papillary thyroid ca)

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15
Q

which among mRNA, rRNA, tRNA is the Largest

A

mRNA - MASSIVE-MALAKI

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16
Q

which among mRNA, rRNA, tRNA is the Smallest

A

tRNA - TINY

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17
Q

which among mRNA, rRNA, tRNA is the most abundant

A

rRNA - RAMPANT

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18
Q

site of transcription and processing of rRNA is a function of

A

Nucleolus

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19
Q

cell structure that contains DNA but does NOT follow the genetic code

A

Mitochondria

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20
Q

RER & SER are abundant in which organ

A

LIVER

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21
Q

30s and 50s subunits of ribosomes is to

A

Prokaryotes

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22
Q

40s and 60s is to

A

Eukaryotes

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23
Q

the s in 30s,50s,40s,50s stands for

A

svedberg -unit for sedimentation rate (not weight)

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24
Q

the only substance modified in the RER and not in Golgi Apparatus

A

COLLAGEN

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25
Q

Collagen type I is to

A

bone, skin , tendon

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26
Q

Collagen type II is to

A

cartilage

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27
Q

Collagen type III is to

A

veticolin (BV and Skin)

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28
Q

Collagen type IV is to

A

basement memb.

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29
Q

what is added to lysosome-bound chons by the golgi apparatus

A

Mannose-6-Phosphate

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30
Q

lysosomes and peroxisomes come from w/c organelles

A

Lysosomes: GOLGI APPARATUS ; Peroxisomes:SER

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31
Q

a cell filament used for locomotion of macrophages, muscles, zonula adherens, zonula occludens

A

ACTIN/Microfilaments

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32
Q

motor protein causing transport of substances from CENTER to the PERIPHERY of the cell

A

KINESIN (kumakalat)

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33
Q

motor protein causing transport of substances from PERIPHERY to the CENTER of the cell

A

DYENIN (dinadayo)

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34
Q

Disease with Dyenin missing in Cilia and Flagella / PRIMARY CILIA DYSKINESIA/ IMMOBILE CILIA SYNDROME

A

Kartagener’s Syndrome

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35
Q

Kartagener’s Syndrome Triad

A

situs inversus, bronchiectasis, infertility

36
Q

what is the explanation for the situs inversus in Kartagener’s Syndrome

A

defective primary cilia

37
Q

type of locomotion exhibited by respi airways, fallopian tubes, Whip-like movement

A

Ciliary Movement

38
Q

type of movement exhibited by WBCs, fibroblast, germinal cells of the skin

A

Amoeboid Movement

39
Q

propeler like / quasi-sinusoidal waves exhibited by sperms

A

Flagellar Movement

40
Q

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome and beri-beri is to vitamin?

A

B1 thiamine

41
Q

megaloblastic anemia w neurologis disorder is to vitamin?

A

B12 Cobalamin

42
Q

peripheral neuropathy (like INH) is to vitamin?

A

B6 Pyridoxine

43
Q

pelagra, dermatitis, diarrhea,dementia, death is to vitamin ?

A

B3 Niacin

44
Q

cheilosis, angular stomatitis,food source is milk(decreased w exposure to sun) is what vitamin

A

B2 Riboflavin

45
Q

Structure : disk shaped, for firm intercellular adhesions where site is Epithelium

A

Macula Adherens(desmosomes)

46
Q

structure : for intercellular communication where sites are in cardiac and unitary smooth muscles

A

Gap Junctions

47
Q

structure : ring shaped, increases surface area for contact where site is Intercalated disks of cardiac muscles

A

Zonula adherens(fascia adherens)

48
Q

structure : reticular pattern, divides cell into apical and basolateral side with many sites like LEAKY( PCT and Jejunum) TIGHT(CD,terminal,Colon,BBB)

A

Zonula occludens(tight junctions)

49
Q

what is the functional unit of gap junction

A

Connexon

50
Q

what do you call the movement of substances between cells through tight junctions

A

Paracellular Transport

51
Q

What do you call the movement of substances through the apical and basolateral side

A

Transcellular transport

52
Q

how many % are Proteins in the cell membrane

A

55%

53
Q

most important content of the cell membrane which covers the 13%

A

Cholesterol

54
Q

a glycolipid that anchors proteins to outer leaflet

A

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)

55
Q

type of proteins that has loose attachement using electrostatic interactions

A

Peripheral Proteins ;;; while Integral Proteins has tight attachment using Hydrophobic interactions

56
Q

chromosome 7 gene mutation disease that encodes for an ABC transporter called CFTR

A

Cystic Fibrosis - #1 autosomal recessive dis of Caucasians;;; Africans is to Sickle Cell; Japanese is to Gastric CA; Filipinoes is to TB wahahahah

57
Q

exocytosis is mediated by what CHONs

A

SNARE CHONs

58
Q

TBW : how many % is water in BABIES

A

75%; 60%-adult

59
Q

which is the called Iternal Environment, Intracellular Fluid (ICF) or Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

A

ECF

60
Q

predominant cation and anion in ICF

A

K+, PO4-

61
Q

what is the principle of macroscopic neutrality?

A

in each compartment, total number of cations should equal total number of anions

62
Q

T or F Osmolarity is independent with temp.

A

False, it varies?.. OsmolaLity ang independent

63
Q

T or F : Osmolar gap increases in Alcohol intoxication and Ethylene Glycol Poisoning

A

TRUE

64
Q

it is the movt of water from low conc. To high conc via semi-perm memb.

A

Osmosis

65
Q

effective osmole used in tx of brain edema

A

Mannitol

66
Q

osmotic pressure from large molecules(proteins)

A

Oncotic Pressure

67
Q

weight of the volume of a soln divided by weight of equal volume of distilled(pure) water

A

Specific Gravity

68
Q

t or f : Glucose (effective osmole) is an example of Impermeant solute

A

TRUE

69
Q

Urea(ineffective osmole) Permeant or Impermeant

A

Permeant

70
Q

Transport mechanism: Facilitated diffusion—–carrier mediated yes or not

A

yes

71
Q

both Simple and Facilitated diffusion are passive?T or F

A

TRUE

72
Q

why is secondary active transport called a such

A

it indierctly relies on Na-K ATPase pump

73
Q

what are the characteristics of active transport

A

saturation,stereospecific,competetion

74
Q

which is faster, simple or facilitated diffusion?

A

at low solute conc’ : Facilitated>Simple?..at high solute conc’ : Simple>FAcilitated

75
Q

facilitated diffusion requires ATP, t or f

A

FALSE

76
Q

d-glucose transport to the muscles and adipose tissues, amino acid transport are examples of what type of Transport mechanism

A

Facilitated Active Transport

77
Q

SGLT-1 in the S.I; SGLT-2 in the PCT are examples of what type of Transport mechanism

A

Secondary Active Transport

78
Q

Anesthetic drug,o2, NO, CO2, alcohol, lipid hormones are examples of what type of Transport mechanism

A

Simple Diffusion

79
Q

Na-K ATPase pump is an example of what type of Transport mechanism

A

Primary Active Transport

80
Q

why do rbcs swell when chilled

A

dec atp synthesis - - - dec activity of na-k atpase pump =swell

81
Q

Ca-ATPase Pump in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum matching type -))))))

A

SERCA

82
Q

CA-ATPase in the cell memb. Matchingtype -)))))

A

PMCA

83
Q

functional subunit by na-k atpase pump inhibited by cardiac glycosides

A

Alpha subunit

84
Q

in all epith cells, na-k atpase pump is fund in the basolateral side except

A

Choroid Plexus

85
Q

functions of the na-k atpase pump

A

prevents cellular swelling and contributes to the resting memb potential

PHYSIO (5 decks)

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