Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHYSIO > PHYSIO-RENAL > Flashcards

PHYSIO-RENAL Flashcards

1
Q

renal waste product from proteins

A

urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

renal waste pruduct from purines

A

Uric Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ranal waste product from the muscle

A

Creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

renal waste product from rbc’s

A

Bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

examples of hormone metabolites of kidneys

A

VMA,Metanephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

formed in the interstitial cells of the periocapillariesof the kidneys which increases RBC pruduction in cases of hypoxia

A

EPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a hormone secreted by the kidneys which is an active form of Vit.D

A

Calcirtiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glucose is not usually seen in urine, but normal in pregnancy due tosaturation of glucose receptors?.t or f

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

kidneys are located in T? to L?

A

T12 - L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why is R kidney lower than the left

A

because of the liver size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which part of the kidney is stretched when pus accumulates giving you a (+)KPT in pyelonephritis

A

Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

struvite composed of AMP(ammonium,magnesium,phosphate) Stone produced by Proteus mirabilis seen as radio opaque

A

Staghorn Calculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

trace the renal circulation

A

renal artery - segmental artery - interlobar artery - arcuate artery - interlobular artery(aka cortical radiate/radial artery) - afferent arteriole - glomerular capillaries - efferent arteriole - peritubular capillaries/vasa recta - interlubular vein - arcuate vein - interlobar vein - renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

only capillaries in human body that leads to arterioles and not venules, responsible for GFR

A

Glomerular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the interstitial cells inperitubular capillaries secretes what?

A

EPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hairpin loop-shaped peritubular capillaries of he juxtamedullary nephrons that participate in countercurrent exchange

A

VASA RECTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

capacity of the Urinary Bladder

A

600ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

urge to urinate is how much

A

150ml (25%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

reflex contraction of the urinary bladder is how much

A

300ml (50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bladder muscle is your?

A

Detrusor Muscle (stimulation of B2 for Relaxation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Internal Urethral Sphincter is Voluntary or Involutary

A

INVOLUNTARY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

External Urethral Sphincter is Voluntary or Involuntary

A

Voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

functional and structural unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how many nephrons does a normal human being has approx.

A

2 million (1M each)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nephron are capable of Regeneration? T or F

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

kidneys undergo compensatory hypertrophy upon 75% damge of nephrons?t or f

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the % of your Cortical Nephrons? Juxtamedullary Nephrons?

A

Cortical=75% ; Juxta=25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

location of cortical and juxta nephrons?

A

Cortical Nephrons=RENAL CORTEX; Juxtamedullary Neph=CORTICO-MEDULLARY JUNCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

LOOPS OF HENLE of Cortical and Juxta Neph?

A

cortical neph=Short loop ; juxtamed neph=Long loop of henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

capillary network of cortical and juxta neph

A

cortical neph=PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES Justamed neph=VASA RECTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

part of the nephron where you find your bowman’s space and bowman’s capsule aka Malphigian Corpuscle

A

renal corpuscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Nephrotic Syndrome’s “EPAL”

A

edema,proteinuria,albuminemia,lipedemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Nephritic Syndrome’s “Oh Ha”

A

oliguria, hematuria, HTN, azotemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

1st cahrged barrier of the RenalCorpuscle which is 50x more permeable than skeletal muscle capillaries and secete NO & Endothelium-1

A

Capillary Endothelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

last charged barrier of the Renal Corpuscle which are cells of the capillary endothelium containing foot processes and filtration slits

A

Podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

found in between Tufts of capillaries involved in glomerular diseases

A

Mesangial Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

aka “glomerular cells of the afferent arterioles” secretes RENIN (ayun benta anf renin)

A

JG cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

found in the walls of the Distal Convoluted Tubule which monitors Na concentration in the DT(and consecuently Blood Pressure)

A

Macula Densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Na-K-2Cl pump is found in which Loop of Henle inhibited by loop diuretics

A

Thick Ascending Limb Loop of Henle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Thiazide acts on Loop of Henle or Distal Tubule or Collecting Duct

A

Distal Tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

ADH acts on Loop of Henle or Distal Tubule or Collecting Duct

A

Collecting Duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

amount filtered in the glomerular capillaries per unit time GFR

A

125ml/min or 180L/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

normalfriction fraction is howmany %

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

how many angstromis filtered freely (according to size)

A

20 angstrom or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

how many angstrom is not filtered at all

A

> 40 angstrom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Effect on GFR : Afferent Arteriole dilate

A

Increase

47
Q

Effect on GFR : Afferent Arteriole Consrict

A

Decrease

48
Q

Effect on GFR : Efferent Arteriole Dilate

A

Decrease

49
Q

Effect on GFR : Efferent Arteriole Constrict Moderately

A

Increase

50
Q

Effect on GFR : Efferent Arteriole Constrict Severely

A

Decrease

51
Q

Effect on GFR : GC Hydrostatic Pressure Increased

A

Increase

52
Q

Effect on GFR : GC Oncotic Pressure Increased

A

Decrease

53
Q

Effect on GFR : BS Hydrostatic Pressure Increased

A

Decrease

54
Q

Effect on GFR : Kf Increased

A

Decrease

55
Q

what are the causes of decreased Kf?

A

Renal diseases, DM, HPN

56
Q

what is the cause of increased BS Hydrostatic Pressure?

A

Urinary tract Obstruction

57
Q

what are the causes of decreased GC Hydrostatic Pressure?

A

Hypotension, ACE-I, Sympathetic Activity

58
Q

what are the hormones that will increase GFR?

A

EDRF, PGE2, PGI2, Bradykinin, Glucocorticoids, ANP, BNP

59
Q

which hormone will preserve GFR?

A

Angiotensin II (preferentially constricts efferent arteriole)

60
Q

Characteristics of rnal blood flow

A

exhbits autoregulation at BP 75-160mmhg ; Blood flow in the Renal Cortex > Renal Medulla

61
Q

what do you call massive sympathetic stimulation that results in massive vasoconstriction of the kidneys

A

CNS Ischemic Response

62
Q

what Feedback Mechanism : “constant sodium load delivered to distal tubule” where: Adenosine vasoconstricts the afferent arteriole and Nitric Oxide vasoldilates afferent arteriole

A

Tubuloglomerular Feedback = Macula Densa Feedback

63
Q

the primary mechanism for Autoregulation of GFR (which requires a BP of 75-160mmhg)

A

Tubuloglomerular Feedback

64
Q

if Tubuloglomerular Feedback is to Constatnt Sodium load delivered to Distal Tubule, what then is “Percentage of solute reabsorbed is held constant”

A

Glomerulotubular Balance

65
Q

nephrons exhibit saturation

A

Renal Threshold

66
Q

all nephrons exhibit saturation

A

Renal Transport maximum

67
Q

workhorse of the nephron which secretes H+(rapidly filtered and almost none reabsorbed)

A

Proximal convuluted tubule

68
Q

lining epithelium o f the PCT

A

low columnar with extensive brush border

69
Q

which is more hypertonic relative to the other : the fluid entering the PCT or the fluid leaving the PCT

A

sagot na nakasulat ni Karla: ISOTONIC – 66% water reabsorbed, 66% Na reabsorbed

70
Q

what is the lining epithelium of the Loop of Henle which is responsible for the slow flow of fluid

A

Simple Squamous with no brush border and few mitochondria (thin segments) ; while Thick segments has Simple Cuboidal

71
Q

Descending LH is Impermeable to solutes and Permeable to water?. T or F

A

True ; Ascending is the other way around

72
Q

simple cuboidal w/o brush border which contains JGA, Macula Densa and Lacis Cells

A

First part of the Distal Tubule

73
Q

simple cuboidal w/o brush border which contains Principal Cells and Intercalated Cells ; responsive to acts of Aldosterone

A

Second part of the Distal Tubule

74
Q

“Principe K”

A

Principal Cells: secrete K ; Intercalated Cells: secrete H

75
Q

lining epithelium is Cuboidal with well-defined boundaries and a Site for regulation of final urine volume and concentration; responsive to Vasopressin

A

Collecting Duct

76
Q

What happens to Tubular reabsorption/secretion when Peritubular capillary HYDROSTATIC Pressure increases

A

Reabsorption : Decrease ; Secretion: Increase

77
Q

What happens to Tubular Reabsorption/secretion when Peritubular capillary ONCOTIC Pressure increases

A

Reabsorption : Increase ; Secretion: Decrease

78
Q

Site of Action of : Aldosterone

A

DT

79
Q

Site of Action of : Angiotensin II

A

PCT, TAL, LH, DT

80
Q

Site of Action of : Cathecholamines

A

PCT, TAL, LH, DT/CD

81
Q

Site of Action of : Vasopressin

A

DT,CD

82
Q

Site of Action of : ANP,BNP

A

DT,CD

83
Q

Site of Action of : Uroguanylin, Guanylin

A

PCT,CD

84
Q

Site of Action of : Dopamine

A

PCT

85
Q

Site of Action of : PTH

A

PCT,TAL LH

86
Q

triggers of ADH secretion

A

Inc.Plasma Osmolarity; Dec.Bld Pressure; Dec.Bld Volume

87
Q

what is the effect of alcohol on ADH secetion?

A

dec.ADH Secretion = Diuresis

88
Q

which hormone secreted by DT and CD acts similar to ANP?

A

Urodilatin(diuresis thru Inc RBF)

89
Q

if a substance has a high clearance, what are the blood and urine level of this substance

A

Blood Level: LOW ; Urine Level:HIGH

90
Q

if a substance has a low clearance, what are the blood and urine level of this substance

A

Blood Level: High ; Urine Level:Low

91
Q

Substance with Highest Clearance A.PAH B.Glucose C.Amino Acids D.Inulin E.BUN and Crea

A

A.

92
Q

Substance with the Zero Clearance A.PAH B.Glucose C.Amino Acids D.Inulin E.BUN and Crea

A

B

93
Q

Substance(s) whose clearance is used to estimate GFR

A

D-labs E-clinical

94
Q

Substance(s) whose claerance is used to estimate renal blood flow(RBF) and Renal Plasma Flow(RPF)

A

A

95
Q

Substance that do not appear in the urine have a clearance of ____________?

A

Zero

96
Q

Substance filtered and partially reabsorbed have a clearance of __________ than the GFR

A

LESS

97
Q

Substance filtered and with net secretion have a clearance ____________ than the GFR

A

More

98
Q

Clearance of INULIN is ___________ tothat of the GFR

A

Equal

99
Q

Glucose Threshold is

A

200mg/100ml Maximum:375/100ml

100
Q

Hyperkalemia and Hypercalcemia gives you Arrythmi; an Hypokalemia causes weakness, HYPOCALCEMIA gives you???? (sakit ni Karla sa KETO)

A

Tetany

101
Q

less calcium bound to plasma proteins gives you Hypercalcemia and? Alkalosis or Acidosis?

A

Acidosis more calcium bound = Hypocal = Alkalosis

102
Q

part of the kidneys where final urine output and urine conc is determined and where levels of ADH dictates final urine output and urine conc.

A

Collecting Duct

103
Q

Countercurrent Multiplier which Creates the corticopapillary osmotic gradient

A

Loop of Henle

104
Q

Countercurrent Exchanger which Maintains the corticopapillary osmotic gradient

A

Vasa Recta

105
Q

Thirst Center

A

found in the Anteroventral Wallof 3rd Ventricle and preoptic nuclei

106
Q

Increase Thirst experienced as to Osmolarity, Blood Volume, Blood Pressure, Angiotensin

A

Inc. Osmolarity, Dec. Blood Volume, Dec Blood Pressure, Inc. Angiotensin

107
Q

micturation center is found in?

A

PONS

108
Q

Normal Plasma H =

A

0.00004 mEq/L

109
Q

Plasma Ph compatible with life

A

6.8 - 8.0

110
Q

Decreased Ventilation will give you Respiratory Alkalosis or Acidosis

A

Respiratory Acidosis where: Inc Vent = Resp Alk.

111
Q

Metabolic Acidosis is due to conditions resulting to Excess acid or loss of base ?. T or F

A

True

112
Q

If HAGMA:Inc Organic Anions; NAGMA:?

A

NAGMA= Inc CHLORIDE

113
Q

HAGMA: MUDPILES ; NAGMA:?

A

HARD-UP dami non guys

114
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis is due to conditions resulting to loss of acid or gain of base?.t or f

A

TRUE

PHYSIO (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions