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PHYSIO > PHYSIO-SPECIAL TOPICS > Flashcards

PHYSIO-SPECIAL TOPICS Flashcards

1
Q

regulation of baody temp is mediated by which part of the brain

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

sweating, skin vasodilation, decreasedheat production is ?.. Heat generatin or heat loss mechanism

A

Heat Loss Mechanism

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3
Q

shivering, thyroid hormone production, decreased sweating, piloerection, skin vasoconstriction, brown fat in babies?. Heat generatin or heat loss mechanism

A

heat generation mechanism

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4
Q

what is the role of fat and skin in trms of regulation of the body temp

A

Fat: Insulator ; Skin: Radiatior System - cold=vasocons,hot=vasodilate

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5
Q

most of the body heat is lost throug which way

A

radiation>evaporation>conduction of air>conduction of objects

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6
Q

pathophysio of fever

A

pyrogens>increases IL1(alpha and beta)>IL6>increases prostaglandins>increases set point temp in hypothalamus

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7
Q

diff btwn Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke

A

Heat exhaution is excessive sweating causing fainting ; heat stroke is high tempcausing tissue damage & impared responses

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8
Q

high temp secondary to the use of succinylcholine and halothane

A

Malignant hyperthermia

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9
Q

antidote of malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene sodium

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10
Q

onset and duration of Phosphage energy system(Cell ATP)

A

first 8-10 sec

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11
Q

onset and duration of Glycogen-lactic system(Anaerobic)

A

for 1.3 to 1.6 minutes after phosphagen system used up

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12
Q

onset and duration of Aerobic System

A

for unlimited time as long as with energy supply

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13
Q

what is the basis of muscle endurance

A

Glycogen levels

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14
Q

what is the best diet for muscle glycogen recovery

A

high carb

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15
Q

how long does it take to recover mucle glycogen

A

2 days(high carb)

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16
Q

increase in muscle strength is always due to what

A

increase musle size

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17
Q

maximal breath capacity in exercise

A

150-170L/min

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18
Q

pulmonary ventilation during maximal exercise

A

100-110L/min

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19
Q

muscle blood flow is increase in howmany times during most strenous exercise

A

20x

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20
Q

cardiac output is increased by how much during exrcise

A

Athletes: 30L/min ; Non-Ath:20L/min

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21
Q

at maximal exercise CO is at how many percent of its maximum

A

90%

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22
Q

heatstroke happens when?

A

when Temp is >42’C during exercise

23
Q

tx for heatstroke

A

remove clothing,sponge/spray with water,fan, give fluids

24
Q

how many lbs of body weight is lost in one hour ofathletic event

A

10lbs but mostly water

25
Q

sweat glands may acclimatize to hot and humid conditions because of ?

A

Aldosterone

26
Q

caffeine has inconsistent efects onathletic performances?t or f

A

TRUE

27
Q

amphetamines and coccaine may cause psychological effects and Vfib?t or f

A

TRUE

28
Q

at high altitudes, there is increased or decreased Oxygenation?

A

decreased? oxygen molecules are farther apart

29
Q

at high altitudes, there is decreased mental proficiency(judgement,memory,motor movements affected)?.t or f

A

TRUE

30
Q

high altitude 18,000 feet — body effect?

A

twitching / seizures

31
Q

high altitude 23,000 fet —- body effect?

A

coma and death

32
Q

in polycythemia, what enzyme is increased which increases 2,3DPG (giving youa Shift To The RIGHT at O2-Hgb Dis.Curve)

A

BPG mutase

33
Q

what are the mechanisms of acclimatization to Low PO2

A

inc.pulmo.ventilation; polycythemia(hct,hgb and bld.vol increases) ; increased diffusing capacity of O2; angiogenesis of the peripheral tissues; increased O2 consumption despite low PO2

34
Q

at high altitude, what are the changes in natural acclimatization

A

decreased body mass, increased chest-heart-lungs size, better O2 delivery(increased hgb, better O2 ulitization)

35
Q

what are the manifestations of acute mountain sickenss

A

acute pulmonary/cerebral edema

36
Q

manifestations of chronic mountain sickness

A

pulmo.vasocnstriction; R-sided heart failure

37
Q

a unit of forge equal to the force exerted by gravity (used to indicate the force to which a body is subjected when it is accelarated)

A

G Force

38
Q

pilot pusehed against his seat, more dangerous, blood shunted to the lower extremities?.positive G or negative G

A

Positive G

39
Q

may result in “RED OUT” of the eyes and transient psychotic disturbances?.positive g or negative g

A

negative G

40
Q

-20 G equals death.. T or F

A

TRUE

41
Q

it is the constant speed that a freely falling object reaches the resistance of the medium through which it is falling prevnts further accleration

A

Terminal Velocity

42
Q

a skydiver would reach terminal velocity due to air resistance in ?seconds ; with a speed of ?feet per second

A

in 12 SECONDS, with a speed of 175feet per second

43
Q

how many lbs of shock load may be felt in opening a parachute

A

1200lbs

44
Q

parachute reduces speed of skydiver to 1/9th the terminal velocity?. T or f

A

TRUE

45
Q

in earlier space missions 100% pure oxygen at 260mmhg. How about nowadys

A

20% O2 at 760mmhg

46
Q

divers are given high pressures of air to prevent lung collapse that?s why diving may lead to toxicities from ?

A

high nitrogen, oxygen and cardbon dioxide pressures

47
Q

what happens at 120 ft with high nitrogen presures

A

joviality

48
Q

what happens at 200-250 ft with high nitrogen presures

A

drowsiness

49
Q

what happens beyond 250ft with high nitrogen presures

A

“ruptures of depths”

50
Q

brain seizures followed by coma happen in high O2 pressures at ? (due to O2 free radicals O2- and H2O2 )

A

4atm (PO2=3040mmhg)

51
Q

what is formed that blocks blodd vessels in decompression sickness(sudden ascent of deep sea divers)

A

Nitrogen Bubles

52
Q

manifestations of decompressionsickness

A

bends(oain in joints and muscles); chokes(dyspnea); Caisson’s Disease(when chronic)

53
Q

what is used in deepdives >250ft to prevent decompression sickness

A

Helium

PHYSIO (5 decks)

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