Physiological Adaptations

Question 1

Cardiac hypertrophy (CV)

Answer 1

Increased size and contractility of the ventricles so SV increases

Question 2

Elasticity of artery walls (CV)

Answer 2

Inc regulation of blood pressure and distribution of blood to working muscles

Question 3

Capillarisation (CV)

Answer 3

Increased number of capillaries at lungs and muscles so gaseous exchange increases

Question 4

Increased red blood cells (CV)

Answer 4

Oxygen carrying capacity of blood increased

Question 5

Increased blood plasma (CV)

Answer 5

Blood viscosity reduced which increases flow

Question 6

Increased strength of respiratory muscles (respiratory adaptations)

Answer 6

Increased lung volume, decreased fatigue of respiratory muscles, more efficient ventilation

Question 7

Increased surface area of alveoli (respiratory adaptation)

Answer 7

Increased diffusion of oxygen

Question 8

Muscular adaptations

Answer 8

Fast oxidative glycolytic fibres Inc aerobic capacity
Muscular hypertrophy of slow oxidative and fast oxidative glycolytic fibres
Inc myoglobin stores in muscle
Inc stores of glycogen and triglyceride
Inc size and number of mitochondria

Question 9

Metabolic adaptations

Answer 9

Inc resting metabolic rate due to Inc muscle mass
Inc sensitivity to insulin- uptake of glucose from blood to muscle cells increases risk of type 2 diabetes lowered
Inc in aerobic enzyme action