Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gastrointestinal System Step 1 > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Gastrin Source

A

G cells (antrum of stomach and duodenum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gastrin Action

A

INCREASES
gastric H secretion
growth of gastric mucosa
gastric motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gastrin Regulation

A

INCREASED by stomach dilation, alkanization, AA, peptides, vagal stimulation via gastrin releasing peptide (GRP)

DECREASED by pH<1.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Situations with increased gastrin

A

Chronic PPI Use
Chronic Atrophic Gastritis(eg H pylori)
ZES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Somatostatin source

A

D cells(pancreatic inlets,Gi mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Somatostatin action

A 
LOWERS
gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion
pancreatic and small intestine fluid secretion
gallbladder contraction
insulin and glucagon release
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Somatostatin regulation

A

INCREASED by acid

Decreased by vagal stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CCK source

A

I cells of duodenum and jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CCK action

A

INCREASES pancreatic secretion, GB contraction,Oddi relaxation

DECREASES gastric amptying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CCK regulation

A

Increased by FA, acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CCK MOA

A

ACts on neural muscarinic pathways to cause pancreatic secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Secretin source

A

S cells of duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secretion action

A

Increases
pancreatic HCO3 secretion
bile secretion

Decreases gastric acid secretion and motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Secretin regulation

A

increased by FA, acid in the lumen of duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Role of pancreatic HCO3 in duodenum

A

neutralizes acid, allowing pancreatic enzymes to function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GLU deependent insulinotropic peptide source

A

K cells of duodenum and jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GLU deependent insulinotropic peptide action

A

Exocrine: lowers gastric secretion
Endocrine: increases insulin release and lowers glycagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

GLU deependent insulinotropic peptide Regulation

A

Increased by FA, AA, oral glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

GLU deependent insulinotropic peptide other names

A

GIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why oral Glu leads to more insulin secretion vs IV?

A

GIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Motilin source

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Motilin action

A

produces MIgratory Motor Complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Motilin regulation

A

increased while fasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Motilin receptor agonists

A

Erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Motilin receptor agonists uses

A

Stimulation of intestinal peristalsis

26
Q

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide source

A

PNS ganglia in sphincters, GB, small intestine

27
Q

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Action

A

Increases intestinal water and electrolyte secretion

Relaxes intestinal smooth muscle and sphincters

28
Q

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Regulation

A

Increased by digestion and vagal stimulation

Decreased by adrenergic output

29
Q

What is a VIPoma?

A

non-a, non-b islet pancreatic tumour that secretes VIP.

Watery Diarrhea, Hypokalemia,Achlorydria (WHDA SYNDROME)

30
Q

Ghrelin scource

A

stomach

31
Q

Ghrelin action

A

increases appetite

32
Q

Ghrelin regulation

A

Increased in fasting state

Decreased by food

33
Q

Situations that alter Ghrelin

A

Increased in Prader-Willi

Decreased after gastric bypass

34
Q

Gastric Acid regulation

A

Increased by histamine, gastrin, Ach

Decreased by Somatostatin, GIP, prostagladin, secretin

35
Q

Pepsin source

A

Chief cells of the stomach

36
Q

Pepsin regulation

A

Increased by vagal stimulation, local acid

37
Q

Stimulus to convert pepsiogen to pepsin

A

H+

38
Q

Bicarbonate source

A 
Mucosal cells(stomach, duodenum, salivary glands, pancreas)
Brunner glands of duodenum
39
Q

How does gastrin increase gastric acid secretion?

A

Indirectly, by acting on enterochromaffin cells–> histamine release

40
Q

Hormones that constict pylorus

A

CCK, GIP, secretin

41
Q

pH of the venous blood of the stomach after a meal

A

The more acidic the gastric lumen, the most alkaline the pH of the veenous blood.

C02 is taken from art, blood, combines with h2o and makes H2CO3–> HCO3- and H+

HCO3 leave with the vein in exchange to Cl-

42
Q

Pancreatic secretions

A

a-amylase(ACTIVE)
lipases (ACTIVE)
proteases
trypsinogen

43
Q

Trypsinogen Role

A

Converted by enterokinas,/enteropeptidase to active enzyme trypsin–> activation of other proenzymes and cleaving of additional trypsinogen molecules(POSITIVE FEEDBACK)

44
Q

Form of carbohydrates absorbed by small intestine

A

Only monoscahardides are abosrbed by enterocytes.

Transported to blood by GLUT 2

45
Q

Glu and galactose absorption

A

SGLT1 (Na dependent)

46
Q

Fructose absorption

A

Facilitated diffusion by GLUT 5

47
Q

Iron absorption

A

absorbed as Fe2 in duodenum

48
Q

Folate absorption

A

small bowel

49
Q

B12 absorption

A

in terminal ileum, along with bile salts, requires IF.

50
Q

What are Peyer patches?

A

Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue found in lamina propria and submucosa of ileum.

51
Q

What are M cells?

A

Specialized cells that sample and present Ags to immune cells. They are contained in Peyer’s patches.

52
Q

What happens when B cells of Peyer patches get stimulated?

A

Bcells stimulated in the germinal centers of peyer’s patches differentiate into IgA secreting plasma cells, which reside in lamina propria. Iga receives rotective sensory component and is then transportes scroos the epithelium to the gut to deal with intraluminal antigens.

53
Q

How are bile salts made water soluble?

A

Combined with glycine or taurine

54
Q

Enzyme that catalyzes the rate limiting step of bile acidesynthesis

A

Cholesterol 7a-hyrdoxylase

55
Q

Where are secondary bile salts formed?

A

in the ileum

56
Q

Where are primary bile salts formed?

A

liver

57
Q

What gives brown colour to stool?

A

stercobilin

58
Q

What is Body’s primary means of excreting cholesterol?

A

Bile

59
Q

Enzyme that conjugates Bilirubin

A

UDP- Glycuronosyl-transferase

60
Q

How do we makebilirubin from heme?

A

Heme——(heme oxygenase)——–> biliverdin—(reduction)–> bilirubin

61
Q

What gives urine its yellow colour?

A

urobilin

Gastrointestinal System Step 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions