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Behavioral Science > Physiology > Flashcards

Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What does sexual dysfunction include?

A
  • Sexual desire disorders
  • Sexual arousal disorders
  • Organsim disorders
  • Sexual pain disorders
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2
Q

What are Sexual desire disorders?

A

Hyopactive sexual desire or sexual aversion

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3
Q

What is a sexual arousal disorder?

A

Erectile dysfunction

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4
Q

What are the orgasim disorders?

A

Anorgasmia & premature ejaculation

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5
Q

What are the sexual pain disorders?

A

Dyspareunia & vaginismus

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6
Q

What are the ddx for sexual dysfunctional?

A
  • Drugs
  • Diseases
  • Psychological
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7
Q

What is Body-mass index (BMI)?

A

BMI is a measure of wt adjusted for height

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8
Q

What are the measures of BMI?

A
  • <18.5 underweight
  • 18.5-24.9 normal weight
  • 25.0-29.9 overweight
  • >30.0 obesity
  • >35.0 severe obesity
  • >40.0 morbid obesity
  • >45.0 super obesity
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9
Q

What are the % of total sleep time of each stage in young adults?

A
  • Stage N1 (5%)
  • Stage N2 (45%)
  • Stage N3 (25%)
  • REM (25%)
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10
Q

What is the description of Awake (eyes open)?

A

Alert, active mental concentration

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11
Q

What is the EEG waveform of awake (eyes open)?

A

Beta

(highest freq, lowest amplitude)

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12
Q

What is the EEG waveform for Awake (eyes closed)?

A

Alpha

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13
Q

What is Stage N1 sleep?

A

Light sleep

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14
Q

What is the EEg waveform of Stage N1?

A

Theta

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15
Q

What is Stage N2 sleep?

A

Deeper sleep; bruxism

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16
Q

What is the EEG waveform of Stage N2?

A

Sleep spindles & K complexes

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17
Q

What is Stage N3 sleep?

A

Deepest, non-REM sleep (slow-wave sleep); sleepwalking; night terros; bedwetting

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18
Q

What is the EEG waveform of Stage N3?

A

Delta (lowest freq, highest amplitude)

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19
Q

What is REM sleep?

A
  • Dreaming
  • Loss of motor tone
  • Possibly a memory processing function
  • Erections
  • Inc brain O2 use
20
Q

What is the EEG waveform of REM sleep?

A

Beta

21
Q

What is the key to initiating sleep?

A

Serotonergic predominance of raphe nucleus is key to initiating sleep

22
Q

What is sleep enuresis tx w/?

A

Oral Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) which mimics vasopressin. Preferred over imipramine b/c of the latter’s adverse effects

23
Q

What are assoc. w/ reduced REM & delta sleep?

A

Alcohol, benzodiazepines & barbituates

24
Q

What is useful for night terrors & sleepwalking?

A

Benzodiazepines

25
Q

How often does REM sleep occur?

A

Every 90 minutes

Duration inc through the night

26
Q

What is the principal NT in REM sleep?

A

ACh

27
Q

What NT reduces REM sleep?

A

NE

28
Q

What are the findings in REM sleep?

A
  • Inc & variable pulse & BP
  • Extraocular movements during REM sleep d/t activity of PPRF
  • Penile/clitoral tumescence
29
Q

What are the sleep patterns of depressed pts?

A
  • Dec slow-wave sleep
  • Dec REM latency
  • Inc REM early in sleep cycle
  • Inc total REM sleep
  • Repeated nighttime awakenings
  • Early-mornings awakening (important screening question)
30
Q

What is Narcolepsy?

A

Disordered regulation of sleep-wake cycles

31
Q

What is the primary characteristic of Narcolepsy?

A

Excessive daytime sleepiness

32
Q

What can Narcolepsy include?

A

Hypnagogic (just before sleep) or hypnopompic (just before awakening) hallucinations

33
Q

What do narcoleptic pt’s nocturnal & narcoleptic sleep episodes start off w/?

A
34
Q

What is Cataplexy?

A

Loss of all muscle tone following a strong emotional stimulus

35
Q

What is the cause of Narcolepsy?

A

Strong genetic component

36
Q

How is Narcolepsy tx?

A

Daytime stimulus (amphetamines, modafinil) & nighttime sodium oxybate (GHB)

37
Q

What is Circadian rhythm driven by?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of hypothalamus

38
Q

What are the Circadian rhythm controls?

A
  • ACTH
  • Prolactin
  • Mealtonin
  • Nocturnal NE release
39
Q

What controls melatonin release?

A

SCN→ NE release→ pineal gland→ melatonin

40
Q

What is the SCN regulated by?

A

Environment (light)

41
Q

What is Sleep terror disorder?

A

Periods of terror w/ screaming in the middle of the night

42
Q

When does sleep terror disorder occur?

A

Slow-wave sleep

43
Q

Who is sleep terror disorder MC in?

A

Children

44
Q

When do nightmares occur?

A

REM sleep

(vs night terrors during non-REM)

45
Q

What is the cause of sleep terror disorder?

A

Unknown

46
Q

What are the triggers of sleep terror disorder?

A

Emotional stress during the previous day, fever or lack of sleep

47
Q

What is the prognosis of sleep terror disorder?

A

Usually self limited

Behavioral Science (4 decks)

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