Piaget Devo

Question 1

Sensorimotor

Answer 1

0-18 months
Physical knowledge, reflexes
0-1 = reflexes
1-4 = self directed (thumb suck)
4-8 = object directed (rattle), exploratory
8-12 = SUBSTAGE 4, intentional beh’s, (means-end), SOLVE a-not-b
12-18 = scientific, exploration
18+ = symbolic activity, lang, imagination

Question 2

Schemas

Answer 2

mental structure/heuristic
assimilation new info
accommodate the schema

Question 3

Baillargeon experiments

Answer 3

infants know about some obj properties, solidity/continiuity
AND for MEANS-END = know about the object/problem, but don’t know how to get to it/solve it, SO APPEAR LIKE DON’T KNOW

Question 4

Spelke obj Props and experiments

Answer 4

connected path, solidity, gravity, inertia
Habituate to a model, show a consistent with prop thing and inconsistent one, see what look longer
INNATE SOLIDITY/CONTINUITY

Question 5

Why Spelke props innate not learning?

Answer 5

Mismatch between exp/outcome, lots of anti solidity evidence like liquids, yet they still know it.
Gravity/inertia is not innate, they don’t know it yet.

Question 6

Baillargeon Inconsistency

Answer 6

Infants inconsistent in respecting obj props like occlusion
Depends on many factors,
LEARN HOW EACH PROP WORKS THROUGH EXPERIENCE BIT BY BIT

Question 7

A-not-B

Answer 7

not about forgetting (not random)
not about motor inhibition/habit (do it even if first time)
ITS BOTH MEMORY AND INHIBITION
Diamon Study - short delay = correct
medium delay = a-not-b
long = guess (forget)
BOTH POOR MEMORY DEVO AND POOR FRONTAL LOBE
not about reaching (happens in crawl too)

Question 8

Inhibition and Habit

Answer 8

Hard to break motor habit
4-5yo CAN BREAK HABIT
And they KNOW OBJECT IS IN B
Surprised if object found in A
MEANS-END, cant do action but have knowledge
mind-body dissociation

Question 9

A-notB resolution

Answer 9

Maybe don’t care about the obj (meh)
Substage 4 = Memory and Inhibition
Have knowledge, hard to act on it

Question 10

4 stages

Answer 10

0-24 = sensorimotor
2-7 = pre-op
7-12 = concrete op
12+ = formal op (abstract)

Question 11

What is an operation

Answer 11

Mental logical process, reversibiality, adding, coordinated logic

Question 12

Pre-op stage

Answer 12

limited thinking on non-present obj
Centration = focus on one part of a problem
FAILS CONSERVATION TASKS like #/matter/length

Question 13

Pre-op egocentrism

Answer 13

Poor perspective taking
Mountain task 3-4 chose own viewpoint, 7 year old got right
BUT, did better when made it the suburbs, less complicated
NOT BINARY, difficult tasks

Question 14

Pre-op seriation

Answer 14

hard to put things in order, most accurate at 7, gradually get better 4-5

Question 15

Concrete-op and conservation

Answer 15

PASS CONSERVATION but still only stick to observable
FORMAL OP can reason about hypotheticals AND USE LOGIC TO SOLVE

Question 16

Formal Op Logic

Answer 16

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning - make a theory and test it systematically
Empirico-inductive reasoning - try at random, work backward from there to create theory

Question 17

Shift from pre-op to concrete op

Answer 17

Piaget says shift is due to new logic ops
So then, should perform same across tasks of same op and be very binary in their passing
BOTH FALSE
Maybe depend on more cog stuff like memory/att’n that needs to DEVO

Question 18

Sorting/class inclusion

Answer 18

Only in concrete-op, can’t classify before that stage
BUT, it may be due to pragmatics of task, 4yo succeed on simpler tasks

Question 19

Prgamatics of Conservation

Answer 19

Maybe jsut need to make task easier to comprehend/less leading
Naughty teddy = passed more, not as leading

Question 20

Training conservation

Answer 20

Yes we can train kids, BUT
MAYBE just teaching the test
AND this would mean that its not a DEVO required op, it can be LEARNED
Gold study performance improved if practiced

Question 21

Inhibition in brain

Answer 21

Kids who pass conservation tasks have more activity in parietal NUMBER COG and frontal INHIBITION

Question 22

Piaget conclusions

Answer 22

Weak corr.s between tasks that have same op
Tasks may have been too hard, simple = pass more
Can train children (learning or teaching test)

Piaget right there is some DEVO, but NOT AS BINARY/STEP FUNCTION