Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y2 Endocrine > Pituitary Conditions > Flashcards

Pituitary Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

what condition is caused by increased cortisol

A

cushing’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the difference between cushing’s syndrome and cushing’s disease

A

cushing’s syndrome describes symptoms due to excess cortisol whereas cushing’s disease is excess cortisol symptoms with a pituitary origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is ACTH dependent Cushing’s syndrome

A

pituitary or ectopic origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is ACTH independent Cushing’s syndrome

A

adrenal origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the commonest cause of exogenous cushing’s syndrome

A

corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the causes of exogenous cushing’s syndrome

A

CCS, alcohol, depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which gender is more commonly affected by cushing’s syndrome

A

women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is seen on examination of the face in cushing’s syndrome

A

acne, moon face, frontal balding, plethora, cataracts, hirsutism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is seen on examination of the body in cushing’s syndrome

A

central obesity, proximal muscle waisting, abdominal striae, bruising, buffalo hump (interscapular / supraclavicular fat pad), oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what conditions are cushing’s syndrome patients more likely to have

A

diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, depression, hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the reproductive related presentations of cushing’s syndrome

A

testicular atrophy, irregular periods or absence of periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the commonest cause of cushing’s disease

A

pituitary microadenoma secreting ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what additional symptoms will be present in cushing’s disease compared to cushing’s syndrome

A

acromegaly, headache, visual disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the name of the test used to diagnose cushing’s syndrome

A

dexamethasone suppression test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a positive dexamethasone suppression test

A

cortisol decreases less than 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what tests are useful investigations for cushing’s syndrome

A

dexamethasone suppression test, urinary cortisol, midnight salivary cortisol, MRI, petrosol sinus sample, WCC, DEXA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is used for a confirm cushing’s disease not cushing’s syndrome

A

ACTH <300 and 50% suppression of dexamethasone suppression test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is used to diagnose adrenal cushing’s syndrome

A

ACTH less than 1, negative dexamethasone suppression test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the causes of adrenal cushing’s syndrome

A

adrenal adenoma, carcinoma, nodular hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is used to diagnose ectopic cushing’s syndrome

A

ACTH more than 300, no suppression on dexamethasone suppression test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the commonest causes of ectopic cushing’s syndrome

A

thymus, lung or pancreas tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the management of cushing’s disease

A

hypophysectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the management of a recurrence of cushing’s disease

A

radiotherapy pus adrenalectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the management of adrenal causing of cushing’s syndrome

A

metyrapone +- ketoconazole till decreased cortisol then bilateral adrenalectomy

25
Q

what is the management of ectopic cause of cushing’s syndrome

A

remove source or adrenalectomy

26
Q

what is the presentation of increased DHEA

A

acne, amenorrhoea, frontal balding, increased facial hair, loss of libido, impotence

27
Q

what is the commonest cause of cushing’s syndrome

A

exogenous steroids

28
Q

which organs can be affected by anterior hypopituitarism

A

thyroid, gonads, adrenal

29
Q

how would anterior hypopituitarism present

A

irregular period, infertile, gynaecosmatia, delayed puberty

30
Q

how would you diagnosis anterior hypopituitarism

A

measure testosterone, IGF1, synacthen, insulin tolerance test

31
Q

management of anterior hypopituitarism

A

hormone replacement; GH, testosterone, oestrogen

32
Q

side effects of testosterone replacement

A

aggression, benign prostate hyperplasia, polycythaemia

33
Q

what are the two types of posterior hypopituitarism

A

diabetes insipidus and SIADH

34
Q

what are the different causes of diabetes insipidus

A

idopathic, neurogenic, nephrogenic

35
Q

what causes neurogenic diabetes insipidus

A

meningitis, sarcoid, TB, metastasis to pituitary, pituitary trauma

36
Q

what causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

lithium

37
Q

what is the presentation of diabetes insipidus

A

hugely increased urine output, increased fluid requirement

38
Q

what test is diagnostic of diabetes insipidus

A

water deprivation test

39
Q

what is more common in diabetes insipidus; hyponatraemia or hypernatraemia

A

hypernatraemia

40
Q

is urine osmolality increased or decreased in diabetes insipidus

A

decreased

41
Q

how can you tell apart neurogenic and nephrogenic diabetes inspidus

A

in neurogenic when you give synthetic desmopressin urine becomes concentrated

42
Q

what is the management of diabetes insipidus

A

PO desmopressin

43
Q

what is desmopressin

A

exogenous ADH

44
Q

does hyponatraemia or hypernatraemia occur in siadh

A

hyponatraemia

45
Q

what is the presentation of SIADH

A

asymptomatic

46
Q

does hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia occur in SIADH

A

hypokalaemia

47
Q

is urine osmolality increased or decreased in SIADH

A

increased

48
Q

what is the management of SIADH

A

fluid restriction, if severe hyponatraemia hypotonic saline

49
Q

what is the commonest cause of acromegaly

A

GH secreting pituitary adenoma

50
Q

what is seen on examination of a patient with acromegaly

A

large sweaty hands, large nose, large jaw, prominent brow and cheekbones, interdental separation, thick lips, acne, thick skin

51
Q

what happens in acromegaly in a child and why

A

gigantism if before epiphyseal fusion

52
Q

what are the complications of acromegaly

A

cardiovascular disease, sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis, carpal tunnel, diabetes mellitus

53
Q

what are the additional symptoms of acromegaly when its due to a pituitary adenoma

A

constant headache, bitemporal hemianopia

54
Q

what test is diagnostic of acromegaly

A

oral glucose tolerance test; GH not suppressed

55
Q

what is the management of acromegaly

A

trans-sphenoidal surgery +- cabergoline dopamine antagonist

56
Q

what drugs an be used for acromegaly

A

soctreotide aka sandostatin (somatostatin analogue)

pegvisomant (GH receptor antagonist)

57
Q

what is the can of a growth hormone deficiency

A

panhypopituitarism

58
Q

what is the commonest cause of excess prolactin

A

pregnant / breast feeding

Y2 Endocrine (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions