PK Quiz Chapter 14 and 15

Question 1

Electric Grids

Answer 1

Generated power and transmitted electricity widely to homes and businesses

Question 2

Communication Revolution

Answer 2

Modern transformation of communication technology, from the nineteenth-century telegraph to the present-day smart phone

Question 3

Asian Tigers

Answer 3

South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong

Question 4

Breton-Woods System

Answer 4

Name for the agreements and institutions (including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) set up in 1944 to regulate commercial and financial dealings among the major capitalist countries

Question 5

NAFTA

Answer 5

Free trade agreement between the United States, Mexico, and Canada, established in 1984

Question 6

Export Processing Zone

Answer 6

Areas where international companies can operate with tax and other benefits, offered as an incentive to attract manufacturers

Question 7

Women’s Department

Answer 7

A distinctive organization, known as Zhenotdel, within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that worked to promote equality for women in the 1920s with conferences, publications, and education

Question 8

Green Revolution

Answer 8

Innovations in agriculture during the twentieth century, such as medical harvesters, chemical fertilizers, and the development of high-yielding crops, that enabled global food production to keep up with, and even exceed, growing human numbers.

Question 9

Global Urbanization

Answer 9

The explosive growth of cities after 1900, caused by the reduced need for rural labor and more opportunities for employment in manufacturing, commerce, government, and the service industry.

Question 10

Megacities

Answer 10

Very large urban centers with populations of over 10 million

Question 11

Influenza Pandemic

Answer 11

The worst pandemic in human history, caused by three waves of influenza that swept across the globe in 1918 and 1919, carried by demobilized soldiers, refugees, and other dislocated people returning home from WWI; between 50 million and 100 million people died in the pandemic

Question 12

HIV/AIDS

Answer 12

A pathogen that spreads primarily through sexual contact, contaminated blood products, or the sharing of the needles; after sparking a global pandemic in the 1980s, it spread rapidly across the globe and caused tens of millions of deaths

Question 13

Hindutva

Answer 13

A Hindu nationalist movement that became politically important in India in the 1980s; advocated a distinct Hindu identity and decried government efforts to accommodate other faith communities, particularly Islamic

Question 14

BJP Party

Answer 14

The Hindutva movement took political shape in this increasingly popular party that promoted a distinctly Hindu identity in education, culture, and religion; BJP swept a victory in national election in 2014

Question 15

Muslim Brotherhood

Answer 15

Egyptian religious and nationalist movement founded by Hasan al-Banna in 1928; became an example for later fundamentalist movements in the Islamic world

Question 16

Holocene Era

Answer 16

A warmer and often a wetter period that began approximately 12,000 years ago following the end of the last Ice age. These environmental conditions were uniquely favorable for human thriving and enabled the development of agriculture, significant population growth, and the creation of complex civilizations

Question 17

Anthropocene Era

Answer 17

A recently coined term denoting the “age of man,” in general since the Industrial Revolution and more specifically since the mid-twentieth century. It refers to the unprecedented and enduring impact of human activity on the atmosphere, the geosphere, and the biosphere

Question 18

Chlorofluorocarbons

Answer 18

Chemicals that thinned the ozone layer that protects the earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation

Question 19

Silent Spring

Answer 19

A book written by Rachel Carson in 1962 that exposed the chemical contamination of the environment with a particular emphasis on the use of pesticide; believed to be the beginning of the second-wave environmentalism; the book triggered environmental movements on both sides of the Atlantic.

Question 20

Second-Wave Environmentalism

Answer 20

A movement that began in the 1960s and triggered environmental movements in Europe and North America; it was characterized by widespread grassroots involvement focused on issues such as pollution, resource depletion, protection of wildlife habitats, and nuclear powers

Question 21

Green Belt Movement

Answer 21

Kenyan movement that organized groups of village women to plant millions of trees intended to forestall the growth of deserts and protect the soil

Question 22

Paris Climate Agreement

Answer 22

An international agreement negotiated in 2015 among some 195 countries, 700 cities, and many companies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions sufficiently to avoid a 2C increase in global temperatures. the US withdrew from the agreement in 2017