Placation of 1905 Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

What was set out in the October Manifesto?

A
  • The population were granted “the essential foundations of civil freedom”
  • Decreed that a Duma would be set up with ‘universal’ suffrage
  • Stated that the Duma would be able to block laws but not make them
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2
Q

When did the most serious mutinies of the army occur?

A

During the Russo-Japanese war and therefore, when it ended in mid-1905, the most serious mutinies subsided

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3
Q

How many of the 211 mutinies between October and December 1905 were violent?

A

1/3

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4
Q

On how many occasions were the army used to supress countryside disturbances?

A

2700

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5
Q

Which troops remained loyal to the Tsar throughout 1905?

A

100,000 Cossacks and the Guard Regiment

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6
Q

When was a huge loan from French bankers secured to stabilise the economy and pay troops?

A

April 1906

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7
Q

What was the name of the group responsible for crushing Worker’s resistance?

A

The Black Hundreds

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8
Q

What was the name of the right-wing nationalist party tied to the Black Hundreds? How many members did they have by 1906?

A

The Union of Russian People

300,000 members by 1906

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9
Q

What were the April 1906 Fundamental laws?

A

Measures which reinforced the Tsar’s absolute power:

  • He was Commander in Chief of the armed forces
  • He could prorogue the Duma
  • He could issue decrees via Article 87 and rule independently when the Duma wasn’t in session
  • He had the capacity to change the electoral system and appoint ministers to the Imperial Council
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10
Q

How many Jews were murdered by the Black Hundreds in Odessa?

A

500

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11
Q

Between October 1905 and April 1906 how many people were executed and deported as a result of the army being used for punitive crackdown?

A

45,000 deported

15,000 executed

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12
Q

What was the nickname given to hangings/deportations? What does this suggest about their impact? How many were hung between 1906-1911?

A

Stolypin’s neckties/carriages
Suggests that they were feared
2,500

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13
Q

What were the pillars of autocracy that remained loyal to Nicholas?

A

Aristocracy, church, police, administration and bureaucracy

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14
Q

What was the name of the party which Nicholas endorsed? How many members did they have in 1906?

A

The Union of the Russian People - 300,000

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15
Q

What was the name of the party of liberals who were satisfied by the October manifesto?

A

Octobrists

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16
Q

What did the Union of Unions come to realise about the majority of people who were revolting after being granted the October Manifesto?

A

They actually disliked the unruly, often violent mob of the lower classes and socialists

17
Q

What measures did the Tsar introduce to appease the peasantry and when?

A

Reduced redemption payments for the peasantry in January 1906 before having them completely abolished the following year

18
Q

What concessions were made to the army on the 6th December 1905?

A

Their conscription length was reduced and their wages and rations were increased

19
Q

Why did the Union of Unions struggle to spread their cause to the countryside?

A

Since the middle class liberals couldn’t empathise with those living in the countryside so stopped their actions there in spring 1906

20
Q

What were the two liberal political groups split by the October Manifesto?

A

Kadets and Octobrists

21
Q

What were the differing agendas of societal sectors?

A

Peasants - land reform
Workers - improved wages and conditions
Liberals - political reform

22
Q

How did winter reduce unrest in the countryside?

A

Peasants were less concerned about disorder and more concerned about survival and the conservation of supplies during the winter months

23
Q

How did the size of the empire help the Tsar to remain in power?

A

The empire was extremely large and therefore at a geographical level, opposition was never united and it was difficult for them to communicate and organise

24
Q

What were legalised for the first time in 1905 to placate opposition?

A

trade unions

25
Q

How many radical newspapers and trade unions did Stolypin close down 1906-1912?

A

1000 radical newspapers

600 trade unions

26
Q

How was the Great Strike in Finland in October 1905 placated?

A

Through the promise of a Diat elected by universal suffrage (following the October Manifesto)

27
Q

What was the name of the Polish body set up to work with the Duma following the October Manifesto? (shows how concession helped satisfy them)

A

The Polish Circle