Plant Architecture 2 and Paper

Question 1

First word in scientific names; always capitalized

Answer 1

Genus

Question 2

Second word in scientific names; not capitalized

Answer 2

Species

Question 3

Plants that grow, reproduce, and die in the course of 1 year (Ex: corn)

Answer 3

Annual

Question 4

Plants that grow and reproduce for multiple years before dying

Answer 4

Perennial

Question 5

Plants have 1 cotyledon; vascular bundles a scattered throughout the ground tissue of the stem

Answer 5

Monocot (Monocotyledon)

Question 6

Plants have 2 cotyledons; vascular bundles are arranged in a ring

Answer 6

Dicot (Dicotyledon)

Question 7

Elongation going upward (terminal buds) or outward (axillary buds)

Answer 7

Primary growth

Question 8

type of reed; popular choice for making paper in the 13th century

Answer 8

Flax

Question 9

Shorter type of reed; has more energy allocated to seed

Answer 9

Linseed type

Question 10

Taller type of reed; has less energy allocated to seed; humans use to make paper

Answer 10

Flax type

Question 11

Plants that have long, narrow bast fibers that provide the plant with strength, support, and flexibility

Answer 11

Bast plants

Question 12

Used in linen and papermaking; give plant strength, support, and flexibility; protect plants from phloem-sucking insects

Answer 12

Bast fibers

Question 13

Sticky protein that holds bast fibers in place

Answer 13

Pectin

Question 14

Process in which microbes break down the pectin in bast fibers (usually by naturally rotting in standing water) so that they can be separated from the vascular tissue. Humans then remove the impurities.

Answer 14

Retting

Question 15

Thickening of plant stems; occurs from lateral meristems (vascular and cork cambiums)

Answer 15

Secondary growth

Question 16

Newer, active xylem located in the interior of the vascular cambium.

Answer 16

Sapwood

Question 17

Old xylem; often gummed up with resins or other sticky substances; sometimes has water storage

Answer 17

Heartwood

Question 18

A series of conducting cells that allows water and nutrients to flow across the old and new xylem tissues

Answer 18

Rays

Question 19

indicate 1 year of growth

Answer 19

Tree rings

Question 20

Large, thin cells for when water is abundant in spring

Answer 20

Earlywood

Question 21

Small, thick cells for when water is not abundant in summer

Answer 21

Latewood

Question 22

Dominant means of producing wood pulp; built in 1850’s Sweden

Answer 22

Sulfite pulp mill

Question 23

Another process for producing wood pulp besides the sulfite pulp mill; uses heat and caustic chemicals to break down lignin into pure cellulose before the mechanical pressing of paper

Answer 23

Kraft process