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Botany > Plant Kingdom > Flashcards

Plant Kingdom Flashcards

1
Q

Artificial system of classification and drawbacks

A

Given by Carolus Linnaeus on the basis of androcium structure and external morphology
Drawbacks:- equal importance was given to both vegetative and reproductive features.

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2
Q

Natural system of classification

A

Propose by Benthem and Hooker on the basis of natural affinities like morphology, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry.

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3
Q

Numerical taxonomy and drawbacks

A

Hundreds of character are studied at a time and each character is given equal weightage.
Drawback:- equal weightage was given to features like reproduction and
morphology.

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4
Q

Chemotaxonomy

A

Based on chemicals present inside a cell like DNA sequence et cetera.

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5
Q

Cytotaxonomy or karyotaxonomy

A

On the basis of cell structure and chromosomes.

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6
Q

Thallus organisation

A

Thallus:- algae and bryophytes
Non-thallus:- pteridophyte, gymnosperms and angiosperms.

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7
Q

Main plant body

A

Gametophyte:- algae and bryophytes
Sporophyte :- pteridophyte, gymnosperms and angiosperms.

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8
Q

In which plant division, both sporophytic and gametophytic stage can live independently?

A

Pteridophyte
In rest of the divisions, main plant body feeds the other stage.

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9
Q

Vascular tissue(X and P)

A

Absent in algae and bryophytes, present in rest.

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10
Q

Amphibians of plant kingdom

A

Bryophyte
Called so because they live on soil but need water for sexual reproduction

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11
Q

Algae habitat, form and association

A

Habitat is mostly freshwater and marine water

Can be unicellular like chlamydomonas and chorella, colonial like volvox, filament like spirogyra and ulothrix and can be of several metres like kelps.

Show association with fungi and sloth bear

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12
Q

Isogamous flagellated algae

A

Ulothrix

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13
Q

Isogamous non-flagellated algae

A

Spirogyra

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14
Q

Anisogamous algae

A

Eudorina

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15
Q

Oogamous algae

A

Volvox and fucus

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16
Q

Edible algae

A

LiPS
Laminaria, porphyra and sargassum

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17
Q

Algal hydrocolloids

A

Algin(BA) and carrageen(RA)

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18
Q

Agar is made by

A

Gelidium and gracilaria

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19
Q

High protein algae

A

Chlorella

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20
Q

What gives RA, GA and BA their color?

A

GA- chlorophyll
RA- r-phycoerythrin
BA- fucoxanthine

21
Q

Stored food in different algae

A

GA- starch and oils (in pyrenoids)
RA-floridian starch
BA-laminarin and mannitol( brown coke in ml)

22
Q

Which algae is non-flagellated?

A

Red algae

23
Q

Asexual spore in algae

A

G-zoospore
B-zoospore
R-aplanospore

24
Q

Sexual spore in algae

A

G-iso, aniso and oo
B-iso, aniso and oo
R-only oo

25
Q

GA examples

A

Classy Car SUV

Chlamydomonas
Chara/chlorella
Spirogyra
Ulothrix
Volvox
Eudorina

26
Q

BA examples

A

SELF Ka Defence
Sargassum
Ectocarpus
Laminaria
Fucus
Kelp
Dictyota

27
Q

RA

A

Gol Gappe Pani Puri
Gellidium
Gracilaria
Porphyra
Polysiphonia

28
Q

Bryophytes habitat

A

Moist, shady areas like stream banks, marshy ground, damp soil, bark of trees and deep in the woods.

29
Q

Asexual reproduction in liverworts

A

Inside gemma cup, which contains asexual buds which are produced by budding.

30
Q

Sexual reproduction in liverworts

A

They are diocious i.e unisexual
Gametes formed in antheridium and archegonium.
Sporophyte arises after fusion and forms foot, seta and capsule. Meiosis occurs in capsule and spores are formed.

31
Q

Stages in mosses

A

Spore
1• protonema- performs fragmentation
2• protonema- performs budding
Leafy stage- sexual reproduction

32
Q

Liverworts examples

A

Marchantia(unisexual) and riccia(bi)

RML

33
Q

Mosses examples

A

FPS
Funeria
Polytricum
Sphagnum

34
Q

Pteridophyte habitat

A

Moist, damp, humid, shady places and some in sandy soil.

35
Q

Importance of pteridophyte

A

Medicinal- selagenella(sajeevani booti)
Ornamental- adiantum, rumoura
(oRnAmental)

36
Q

Pteridophyte plant body

A

Main body is sporophytic- have sporangia
But gametophytic stage is primitive- prothallus

37
Q

Pteridophyte examples

A

Psilopsida- psilotum
Lycopsida- lycopodium, selagenella(L common)
Sphenopsida- equisetum(E common)
Pteropsida- pteris, dryopteris and adiantum (DAP)

38
Q

Selagenella features (3)

A

Microphyll
Strobilus(forms cone i.e cones also +nt)
Shows heterospory(different types of spores for different gametophyte namely megagametophyte and microgametophyte)

39
Q

Macrophyll seen in

A

Ferns (except selaginella)

40
Q

Cone/strobilus seen in

A

Selagenella and equisetum

41
Q

Heterospory in

A

Selagenella and salvinia(S common)

42
Q

Corolloid root

A

Association of BGA(gives N2) and cycas root(gymno, gives nutrition)

43
Q

Gymnosperms reproduction

A

Have heterosexual cones i.e male and female
Process is very similar to that seen in angiosperms

44
Q

Precursors of seed habit

A

Pteridophytes are said to be so because they show zygotes development within female gametophyte.
They do not have seed coat due to the lack of integument.

45
Q

Gymnosperms examples

A

Pinus, cedrus, cycas, red wood tree, ginkgo(living fossil)

46
Q

Haplontic life cycle

A

In GA mostly
Classy Car SUV

47
Q

Diplontic life cycle

A

GADBAD
Gymno
Angio
Diatoms
Brown Algae(fucus, sargassum)—<BSF>
are Diplontic</BSF>

48
Q

Haplodiplontic life cycle

A

In bryo, pterido and few algae like:-
LEUKoCytes in Plasma
Laminaria
Ectocarpus
Ulva(BA)
Kelp
Cladophora(BA)
Polysiphonia

Botany (5 decks)

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