Plants

Question 1

What are spores and are they produced by meiosis or mitosis?

Answer 1

A sporophyte goes through meiosis from a diploid to a haploid to produce a spore.

Question 2

What are gametes and are they produced by meiosis or mitosis?

Answer 2

A gametophyte goes through mitosis from haploid to a haploid to produce a gamete.

Question 3

Parts of a gymnosperm that are haploid and parts that are diploid

Answer 3

Gymnosperms- seed and pollen are haploid through fertilization the seed and egg fuse to form a zygote that is diploid. The seed has no shell.

Question 4

Parts of an angiosperm that are haploid and parts that are diploid

Answer 4

Angiosperm- seed, and pollen are haploid through fertilization the seed and egg fuse to form a zygote that is diploid. The seed has a shell

Question 5

Ranking the plant taxa from most to least reliant on water

Answer 5

algae, liverworts, mosses, hornworts, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

Question 6

Homosporous

Answer 6

the spores are the same size and travel to the same gametophyte

Question 7

heterosporous

Answer 7

the spores are different sizes. there is a megasporangium and a microsporangium that produces mega and microspores. The megaspore heads to the female gametophyte and produces an egg. While the microspore heads to the male gametophyte and produces sperm.

Question 8

monoecious

Answer 8

when both sexual reproductive structure are on the same plant

Question 9

diecious

Answer 9

when the male and female reproductive structures are on a different plant. This can be seen as a fruit-bearing tree (female) and a non-fruit-bearing tree (male).

Question 10

Where are the relative locations of different vascular tissue in secondary growth?

Answer 10

From top to center: Primary phloem, secondary phloem, vascular cambium, secondary xylem, primary xylem.

Question 11

Which tissue does the embryo get nutrients from in gymnosperms?

Answer 11

the embryo gets nutrients from the female gametophyte tissue inside the seed

Question 12

Which tissue does the embryo get nutrients from in angiosperms?

Answer 12

The embryo obtains nutrients from the endosperm. The endosperm is a tissue inside the seed that is triploid and produced through double fertilization.

Question 13

Traits of a monocot

Answer 13

embryo: one cotyledon
leaves: parallel veins
stem: xylem is everywhere
flower: 3 petals
root: root system branches
pollen: 1 opening

Question 14

traits of a dicot

Answer 14

embryo: 2 cotyledon
leaves: netlike veins
stem: xylem is in a ring
flower: 4-5 petals
root: tap root
pollen 3 openings

Question 15

parenchyma

Answer 15

spongy, gaps between cell wall, cells are alive, thin cell walls

Question 16

sclerenchyma

Answer 16

no gapping in between cell walls, cells are dead, rigid cell walls, forms wood etc.

Question 17

collenchyma

Answer 17

no gapping between cell walls, cells are alive, slightly flexible but still rigid

Question 18

A soil solution is ψS = −0.6 MPa

*Root cortex cell is: ψS = −0.7 MPa

*At the equilibrium state, what is the ψP of the Soil?

Answer 18

0

Question 19

*A soil solution is ψS = −0.6 MPa

*Root cortex cell is: ψS = −0.7 MPa

*At the equilibrium state, what is the ψtotal of the Soil?

Answer 19

-0.6

Question 20

What tonicity do plants prefer?

Answer 20

Hypotonic. Due to having cell walls, they do not burst or lyce. Plants want to be hypotonic to be turgid and stay upright.

Question 21

Examples of positive pressure

Answer 21

Phloem relies on positive pressure to push down the sugars produced in the leaves down to the roots.

Question 22

Examples of Negative pressure

Answer 22

xylem relies on negative pressure to pull up the water gathered in the roots to bring up to the leaves. The pressure at the top of the tree is lower than at the bottom.

Question 23

Three different types of trophisms

Answer 23

phototropism: the plant will bend towards the sun
gravitropism: the plant will bend down due to gravity
thigmotropism: the plant will bend due to touch. Either around or down

Question 24

role of auxin

Answer 24

cell elongation, growth, apical dominance allowing plant to grow tall and not out

Question 25

role of gibberellins

Answer 25

end seed dormancy, encourage flowering and fruiting, promotes germination

Question 26

role of ethylene

Answer 26

ripening of fruit

Question 27

what is a lichen

Answer 27

a symbiotic relationship between a photosynthesizer and a fungus
the photosynthesizer produces energy while the fungus provide a suitable habitat

Question 28

what is a hypersensitive response

Answer 28

localized cell death due to a pathogen (apoptosis)

Question 29

What is systematic acquired resistance?

Answer 29

is an induced response due to a pathogen. this turns on defense genes (salicylic acid) to the wounded site

Question 30

constitutive vs induced response

Answer 30

constitutive: always present in the plant; does not have to be synthesized
induced: has to be synthesized in the plant

Question 31

Three different types of tropisms

Answer 31

phototropism: the plant will bend towards the sun
gravitropism: the plant will bend down due to gravity
thigmotropism: the plant will bend due to touch. Either around or down