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science yr 8 > plants and environment > Flashcards

plants and environment Flashcards

1
Q

food security

A

availability of food and the ability to obtain it

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2
Q

yield

A

amount of useful product

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3
Q

pesticide

A

chemical applied to crops to destroy pests that damage crops

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4
Q

monoculture

A

when a single crop is grown in a large field

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5
Q

niche

A

role of an organism in its ecosystem

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6
Q

symbiosis

A

when both organisms in a dependant relationship benefit

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7
Q

commensalism

A

type of symbiosis where one organism benefits and the other does not.

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8
Q

mutualism

A

type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit

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9
Q

parasitism

A

type of symbiosis where one organism benefits but the other is harmed

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10
Q

competition

A

struggle between different organisms for survival

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11
Q

endangered

A

when there are are so few of a species left that it could disappear altogether

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12
Q

biodiversity

A

the range of different organisms within an ecosystem

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13
Q

extinct

A

when a species of an organism has died out

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14
Q

vulnerable

A

when the number of a species drops very low

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15
Q

captive breeding

A

when animals are bred in zoos and wildlife reserves to try conserve species

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16
Q

fertiliser

A

a chemical put on soil to increase soil fertility and allow better growth of crop plants

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17
Q

insecticide

A

chemical applied to crops to destroy insects that damage crops

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18
Q

toxin

A

a substance that damages a living organism

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19
Q

bioaccumulation

A

increase in the concentration of a chemical as it is passed from one organism to another up a food chain

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20
Q

specialist

A

organisms with a narrow niche

21
Q

generalist

A

organism with a broad niche

22
Q

resource partitioning

A

when species with similar needs use resources in slightly different ways

23
Q

co-exist

A

different species of the same organism living successfully in the same community

24
Q

variation

A

the range of characteristics across individuals of the same group

25
Q

carbon dioxide

A

the gas in the air used by plants to make food. It is produced during respiration, by burning fossil fuels or y acids reacting with metal carbonates.

26
Q

oxygen

A

a gas in the air that is produced by plants, used during aerobic respiration and during combustion reactions.

27
Q

glucose

A

a simple sugar molecule

28
Q

photosynthesis

A

the process by which energy from sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are used by green plants to produce glucose and oxygen

29
Q

starch

A

a large molecule made by plants as a form of food storage

30
Q

iodine

A

orange coloured liquid used to test for starch

31
Q

chlorophyll

A

green pigment in plants used in photosynthesis

32
Q

cuticle

A

waxy, waterproof, protective outer layer of a leaf

33
Q

epidermis

A

single-cell thick transparent layer of a leaf

34
Q

palisade cell

A

a long narrow plant cell with a large surface area, large spaces around it and found in the lower part of the leaf

35
Q

spongy cell

A

a plant cell with a large surface area, large spaces around it and found in the lower part of the leaf

36
Q

pore

A

a very small hole

37
Q

stomata

A

tiny pores on the underneath surface of a leaf through which gases can move in and out

38
Q

stoma

A

a tiny pore on the underneath surface of a leaf through which gases can move in and out

39
Q

guard cells

A

leaf cells either side of each stoma which control its opening and closing

40
Q

rate

A

a measure of speed or the number of times something happens in a set amount of time

41
Q

concentration

A

the number of particles packed in a certain volume

42
Q

transpiration

A

movement of water in plants as it is taken up through the roots and released from the leaves as water vapour

43
Q

xylem cells

A

cells that join to form a pipeline in the stem of the plant through which water and minerals travel

44
Q

root hair cells

A

specialised plant cells on roots

45
Q

deficiency

A

lack of something such as a nutrient

46
Q

fertiliser

A

chemical put on soil to increase soil fertility and allow better growth of crop plants

47
Q

manure

A

waste organic material

48
Q

chemosynthesis

A

energy from chemicals is used to make food

49
Q

hydrothermal vent

A

forms on the sea floor where there is volcanic activity

science yr 8 (3 decks)

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