Plate 17-19, 35: superficial and deep head, neck, shoulder and arm muscles of dogs

Question 1

Nasolabial levator m. 鼻唇溝提肌

Answer 1

• lifts the upper lip, pull it aside
• pull on the wings of the nose, nostril’s dilatation

Question 2

Orbicular ocular m. 眼輪匝肌

Answer 2

• close the eyelid
• drainage of tears from the eyes

Question 3

Zygomatic m. 顴肌 (曬膏)

Answer 3

pull the angle of the mouth

Question 4

Oral orbicular m. 口腔輪圈肌

Answer 4

control movements of the mouth and lips

Question 5

Masseter m. (襪絲他) 咀嚼肌

Answer 5

raise the mandible to close the mouth

Question 6

Buccinator m. (不) 頰肌

Answer 6

keep the cheek near the teeth

Question 7

Omotransverse m. 肩胛橫突肌

Answer 7

draw forelimbs forward

Question 8

Brachialis m. 肱肌

Answer 8

flex the elbow joint

Question 9

Teres muscles 圓肌

Major teres m. 大圓肌
Minor teres m. 小圓肌

Answer 9

• flex the shoulder joint
• rotate the shoulder inward

Question 10

Cleidobrachial muscle 鎖臂肌

Answer 10

• advances the limb
• extends the shoulder
• lateral movement of the head and neck

Question 11

Anconeal m. 肘肌

Answer 11

extend the elbow joint

Question 12

What are epaxial muscles and their functions 軸上肌 (即背肌)?

Answer 12

Epaxial muscles lie dorsal to the vertebral transverse processes. They work together to extend the neck and back and produce lateral movement.

Question 13

What are the three epaxial muscle systems?

Answer 13

I. illiocostal muscle system - lateral muscle groups
II. longest (longissimus) muscle system - intermediate muscle groups
III. Transversospinal muscle system 多裂肌 - medial muscle groups

Question 14

Thoracic iliocostal m. / iliocostal thoracic m. 胸髂肋肌

Answer 14

bend the vertebral column sideways

Question 15

Splenius m. 頭夾肌

Answer 15

• extend and raise the neck and move it laterally

Question 16

Longest capital (head) m.

Answer 16

• lower the head
• move the neck laterally
• flex the atlanto-occipital joint 寰枕關節

Question 17

Semispinal muscles 半棘肌

Answer 17

extend the vertebral column and head

Question 18

Cervical biventer m. 頸二腹肌
Complexus m. 複合肌

*formed by capital semispinal m. 頭半棘肌

Answer 18

• raise the head and neck
• flex the head and neck laterally

Question 19

What are hypaxial muscles 軸下肌?

Answer 19

Hypaxial muscles are ventral to the vertebral transverse processes (below the spine).

Question 20

Lumbar quadrate m. 腰方肌

Answer 20

fix lumbar vertebral column

Question 21

Minor psoas m. 腰小肌

Answer 21

flex lumbar vertebral column

Question 22

Major psoas m. 腰大肌
Iliacus m. 髂肌

Answer 22

They fuse to form iliopsoas muscle 髂腰肌 - the primary hip flexor.

Question 23

Subscapular m. 肩胛下肌

Answer 23

• primary extend and adduct the shoulder joint
• draw humerus forward
• maintain flexion during joint flexion

Question 24

Coracobrachial m. 喙肱肌

Answer 24

extend and adduct the shoulder joint