PMP Foundational Elements

Question 1

What is the concept of tailoring in project management?

Answer 1

Tailoring involves determining the combination of processes, inputs, tools and techniques, outputs and life cycles to manage a project.

Question 2

What are the key values in project management?

Answer 2

Responsibility, Respect, Fairness and Honesty

Question 3

List three characteristics of large international complex projects as per the PMP Mindset

Answer 3

Characteristics include that they are unprecedented, involving team members from different countries, at least one year duration, and a $10million budget

Question 4

Define a temporary endeavour in the context of project management

Answer 4

A temporary endeavour refers to a project with a definitive start and finish, distinguishing it from on going operations

Question 6

How do projects drive business value creation, and how does PMI define business value?

Answer 6

Projects drive business value by fulfilling objectives and producing deliverables. PMI defines business value as the net quantifiable benefit derived from a business endeavour, encompassing tangible and intangible value

Question 7

Why do leaders initiate projects?

Answer 7

1. To meet regulatory, legal and social requirements
2. To satisfy stakeholder needs or requests
3. to implement or change business or technological strategies
4. to create, improve, or fix products, processes or services.

Question 8

Explain the three ways projects can be managed

Answer 8

Projects can be managed as standalone projects
Projects can be managed within a program
Projects can be managed within a portfolio

Question 9

Define a Program

Answer 9

A program is a group of related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually

Question 10

Define a Portfolio

Answer 10

A portfolio is a group of projects, programs, subsidiary portfolios, and operations managed to achieve strategic objectives

Question 11

Define the focus of program and project management

Answer 11

Program and project management focus on executing projects correctly, while portfolio management focuses on selecting and executing the right programs and projects to achieve strategic objectives

Question 12

How do project management and operations intersect, and what happens at each point of intersection?

Answer 12

Deliverables and knowledge are transferred between project management and operations. Implementation occurs through a transfer of project resources or knowledge to operations or vice versa

Question 13

What does Organisational Project Management (OPM) ensure?

Answer 13

OPM ensures that the organisation undertakes the right projects, allocates resources appropriately, and ensures understanding of strategic vision, initiatives, objectives, and deliverables at all levels.

Question 14

Who is a Business Process Owner, and what role do they play in the project

Answer 14

A business process owner is a key stakeholder ensuring the right transfer of knowledge occurs between the project and business processes

Question 15

List the 10 Project Management Knowledge Areas

Answer 15

1. Project Integration Management
2. Project Scope Management
3. Project Schedule Management
4. Project Cost Management
5. Project Quality Management
   6.Project Resource Management
6. Project Communications Management
7. Project Risk Management
8. Project Procurement Management
9. Project Stakeholder Management

Question 16

What role does the project manager play in relation to the PMBOK Guide components ?

Answer 16

The project manager acts as the integrator of the knowledge areas and process groups

Question 17

Define a Project Life Cycle and highlight its significance

Answer 17

A project life cycle is a series of phases a project passes through from start to completion. It provides the basic framework for managing a project, applies regardless of specific work, and involves either predictive or adaptive life cycles.

Question 18

Differentiate between Project Life Cycles and Developmental Life Cycles

Answer 18

Project life cycles focus on managing projects, while developmental life cycles focus on product development. They are related as the project life cycles includes phases for product development

Question 19

What is a phase gate in project management?

Answer 19

A phase gate is held at the end of a phase to review and authorise progress to the next phase.

Question 20

Define the Project Management Processes and explain their logical linkage

Answer 20

Project Management Processes are activities managing the project life cycle. They are logically linked by the outputs they produce

Question 21

How do the process groups interact?

Answer 21

the interaction happens simultaneously, reflecting the iterative nature of project management

Question 22

Differentiate between work performance data, work performance information and work performance reports

Answer 22

Work performance data is raw observations and measurements, work performance information is analysed data and work performance report is the representation of analysed information compiled in project documents.

Question 23

How is tailoring applied in project management and why is it necessary

Answer 23

Tailoring involves selecting appropriate processes, inputs, techniques, outputs and life cycles based on the project’s unique characteristics. It is necessary to address competing constraints and align the project environment, organisational culture, and stakeholder needs.

Question 24

Explain the role of the Project Business Case and the Project Benefits Management Plan

Answer 24

The project business case validates the benefits of a selected component. The project benefit management plan outlines processes for creating, maximising and sustaining project benefits.

Question 25

What does a business case include and why is it important?

Answer 25

A business case includes: business needs, situation analysis, options, recommendations and evaluations. It is important because it provides a basis for measuring success throughout the project lifecycle.

Question 26

Define a project benefit, and outline key elements described in the Benefits Management Plan

Answer 26

A project benefit is an outcome of providing value to the organisation. Key elements of the benefits management plan include: target benefits, strategic alignment, timeframe, owner, metrics, assumptions and risks.

Question 27

What is a project charter, and what authority does it grant to the project manager

Answer 27

A Project Charter is a document authorising the existence of a project and providing the project manager authority to allocate organisational resources.

Question 28

Define a project management plan and its purpose

Answer 28

A project management plan describes how the project will be executed, monitored, and controlled. It serves as a comprehensive guide for project activities.

Question 29

Why does constant business alignment enhance the chance for project success?

Answer 29

Constant business alignment ensures the project remains in line with the strategic direction of the organisation, significantly increasing the chance for success.

Question 30

Name 3 important questions to understand successful project completion

Answer 30

What does success look like
How will success be measured
What factors may impact success

Question 31

Describe the environments in which projects operate and the major categories of influences

Answer 31

Projects operate in environments influenced by Enterprise Environmental Factors and Organisational Process Assets

Question 32

Why are Enterprise Environmental Factors considered inputs to many project management processes?

Answer 32

External influences: EEFs encompass external factors such a market conditions, legal requirements, and industry standards that influence projects.

Organisational Impact: EEFs affect organisational, portfolio, program and project levels, requiring alignment with organisational goals.

Planning considerations: EEFs provide critical data for realistic and compliant project management

Risk Management: EEFs include external risks, aiding the development of risk management plans and strategies

Decision making: Insights from EEFs inform decisions through out the project life cycle, especially regarding resource allocation and schedule adjustments.

Strategic Alignment: EEFs help align projects with the organisations overall strategy for success.

Inputs to planning Processes: EEFs are recognised inputs to planning processes, enhancing feasibility and project success.

Question 33

Provide examples of EEFs internal and external to the organisation

Answer 33

Internal: culture, organisational structure, and governance.

External: Market conditions, legal restrictions, and social and cultural influences

Question 34

Categorise OPAs and explain their role in Project Management

Answer 34

OPAs include Processes, Polices, and Procedures & Organisational Knowledge Bases. They guide projects through different process groups and serve as essential tools for project management.

Question 35

Explain the significance of system factors in project management

Answer 35

System factors, including management elements, governance frameworks, and organisational structure types, create a unique system impacting projects.

Question 36

Explain the concept of organisational culture in the context of system components. How do various components interact to shape and influence the overall organisational culture?

Answer 36

Organisational culture is the result of different interactions between different system components, such as leadership style, communication practices, and employee behaviours. For example, management decisions impact employee behaviour, which in turn, influences the overall culture.

Question 38

Define project governance and the importance of tailoring it to organisational culture.

Answer 38

Project Governance guides project management activities. Tailoring it to organisational culture ensures effectiveness and alignment with the organisation’s specific needs.

Question 39

What is a Project Management Office (PMO), and what type of influences can it have?

Answer 39

A PMO is an organisational structure standardising project related governance processes. It can be supportive (low control), controlling (moderate control), or directive (high control)

Question 40

Differentiate between a functional, operational and project manager.

Answer 40

A functional manager manages a specific business function, focusing on long term goals and resource allocation within that function.

An operational manager manages the day-to-day operations of the entire organisation ensuring efficiency, problem resolution and adaptability to immediate need.

The project manager specialises in managing temporary projects, ensuring goals are met within constraints, leading cross functional teams, and adapting to changing project requirements.

Question 41

What are the key three competencies of a Project Manager

Answer 41

Technical Project Management, Leadership, and Strategic and Business Management.

Question 42

Differentiate between a portfolio manager and a program manager

Answer 42

A portfolio manager oversees the governance of projects or programs at the executive level, while a Program Manager manages related projects to achieve results not attainable by managing each project separately.

Question 43

Define Project Stakeholders

Answer 43

Project Stakeholders are individuals or organisations affecting or being affected by a project. program or portfolio.

Question 44

Define Project Governance and its significance in guiding project management activities

Answer 44

Project governance refers to the framework, functions, and processes guiding project management activities to meet organisational, strategic and operational goals. It provides structure and ensures strategic alignment.