Pneumonia

Question 1

Pneumonia

Answer 1

infection in the lungs caused by microbes

• > causes inflammation of lung tissue
• > inflammation brings water in the lungs
• > makes it difficult to breathe

Question 2

VIRUS CAUSE PNEUMONIA

Answer 2

• Influenza

Question 3

Bacteria causes of pneumonia

Answer 3

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
( most common cause of community acq)
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Staphylococcus Aureus

Question 4

Community Acquired Pneumonia

Answer 4

• Acquires pneumonia outside health care setting

Question 5

Hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer 5

• Patient is already sick in hospital
- Serious
• Sick patient have weakened immune system
• Microbes in hospitals are more to antibiotics

Question 6

Ventilator assoc pneumonia

Answer 6

• Subset of hospital acquired
• Biofilm of bacteria form on tube
• Patient is weak and unable to cough
• Infection shifts down into lung

Question 7

Aspiration pneumonia

Answer 7

Food, drink and gastric contents which are not sterile enter the lung

Question 8

Pneumonia categories

Answer 8

1. Bronchopneumonia - can be throughout the lungs involving bronchioles and alveoli
2. Interstitial - infection only outisde alveoli
3. Lobar - consolidation of whole lung lobe filled w fluid

Question 9

Lobar peneumonia (category)

Answer 9

1. Congestion - blood vessels and alveoli fill with excess fluid
2. Red hepatization
   • Exudate ( RBC, neutrophil, fibrin) fill airspaces and make them more solid
3. Gray hepatization
   • lungs still firm
   • rbc stat to break down
4. Resolution ( Day 8 - 3 weeks)
   • Exudate is digested, ingested or coughed up

Question 10

Symptoms

Answer 10

1. Dyspnea - shortness of breath
2. Chest pain
3. Productive cough - pus/
4. Systemic - fever//fatigue
5. Haemoptysis is not common

Question 11

Diagnosis

Answer 11

1. Patient is working hard to breathe
   • Dullness to percussion - lung consolidation
   • Tactile vocal fremitus - more vibrations from person’s back on repeating certain phrases

Question 12

Signs of lung consolidation

Answer 12

• Dullness to percussion
• Bronchiole breathing
• Local inspiratory crackles

Question 13

Investigation

Answer 13

1. Sputum - gram strain of sputum to identify pathogen
2. Chest X ray
3. Blood cultures

Question 14

WHO pneumonia

Answer 14

Cough + difficulty breathing

Question 15

Typical bacterial infection symptions

Answer 15

• Fever>38.5degrees

• Resp rate >50 breaths per min
• Chest recession
• Absence of wheeze
• Abdominal pain
• CXR gives consolidation

Question 16

Typical viral symptoms

Answer 16

• Usually infants/younger children
• Wheeze
• Fever < 38.5degrees
• Marked recession
• Hyperinflation
• Resp rate normal/slightly raised