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AP English > Poetry Terms > Flashcards

Poetry Terms Flashcards

0
Q

Alliteration

A

The repetition of the initial consonant sounds of accented syllables in close repetition

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1
Q

Allegory

A

A narrative or description that has a second meaning beneath the surface, often relating each literal term to a fixed, corresponding abstract idea or moral principle; usually the ulterior meanings belong to a preexisting system of ideas or principles.

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2
Q

Allusion

A

A reference, explicit or implicit, to something in previous literature or history

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3
Q

Anapestic

A

A metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables followed by one accented syllable

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4
Q

Anaphora

A

Repetition of an opening word or phrase in a series of lines

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5
Q

Apostrophe

A

A figure of speech in which someone absent or dead or something nonhuman is addressed as if it were alive and present and could reply

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6
Q

Approximate rhyme

A

Words in a rhyming pattern that have some kind of sound correspondence but are not perfect rhymes

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7
Q

Assonance

A

The repetition at close intervals of vowel sounds of accented syllables or important words

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8
Q

Aubade

A

A poem about dawn; a morning love song; or a poem about the parting of lovers at dawn

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9
Q

Ballad

A

A fairly short narrative poem written in a song like stanza form

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10
Q

Blank verse

A

Unrhymed iambic pentameter

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11
Q

Cacophony

A

A harsh, discordant, unpleasant sounding choice and arrangement of sounds

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12
Q

Caesura

A

A speech pause occurring with in a line. See grammatical pause and rhetorical pause

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13
Q

Characterization

A

The various literary means by which characters are presented

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14
Q

Chiasmus

A

When two terms in a line are switched and repeated to create balance

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15
Q

Connotation

A

What a word suggests beyond its basic dictionary definition; the words overtones of meaning

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16
Q

Consonance

A

The repetition at close intervals of the final consonant sounds of accented syllables or important words

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17
Q

Continuous form

A

That form of a poem in which the lines follow each other without formal grouping, the only breaks being dictated by units of meaning

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18
Q

Couplet

A

Two successive lines, usually in the same meter, linked by rhyme

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19
Q

Dactyl

A

A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables

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20
Q

Denotation

A

The basic definition or dictionary meaning of a word

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21
Q

Didactic writing

A

Poetry, fiction, or drama having as a primary purpose to teach or preach

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22
Q

Dimeter

A

A metrical line containing 2 feet

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23
Q

End rhyme

A

Rhymes that occur at the ends of lines

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24
Q

End-stopped line

A

A line that ends with a natural speech pause, usually marked by punctuation

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25
Q

English/Shakespearean sonnet

A

A sonnet rhyming ABABCDCDEFEFGG. It’s content or structure ideally parallels the rhyme scheme, falling into three coordinate quatrains and a concluding couplet; but it is sometimes structured like the Italian sonnet into octave and sestet, the principal break in thought coming at the end of the eighth line.

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26
Q

Epiphany

A

A moment or event in which a character achieves a spiritual insight into life or into his or her own circumstances

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27
Q

Enjambment

A

Line runs into following line

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28
Q

Euphony

A

A smooth, pleasant sounding choice and arrangement of sounds

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29
Q

Expected rhyme

A

The rhythmic expectations set up by the basic meter of a poem

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30
Q

Feminine rhyme

A

A rhyme in which the repeated accented vowel is in either the second or third last syllable of the words involved

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31
Q

Figurative language

A

Language employing figures of speech; language that cannot be taken literally or only literally

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32
Q

Figure of speech

A

Broadly, any way of saying something other than the ordinary way; more narrowly a way of saying one thing and meaning another

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33
Q

Fixed form

A

A form of poem in which the length and pattern are prescribed by previous usage or tradition, such as sonnet, villanelle, and so on

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34
Q

Foot

A

The basic unit used in the scansion or measurement of verse. A foot usually contains one accented syllable and one or two unaccented syllables

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35
Q

Form

A

The external pattern or shape of a poem, describable without reference to its content, as continuous form, stanzaic form, fixed form, free verse, and syllabic verse

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36
Q

Free verse

A

Nonmetrical poetry in which the basic rhythmic unit is the line, and in which pauses, linebreaks, and formal patterns develop organically from the requirements of the individual poem rather than from established poetic forms

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37
Q

Grammatical pause

A

A pause introduced into the reading of a line by a mark of punctuation

38
Q

Heard rhythm

A

The actual rhythm of a metrical poem as we hear it when it is read naturally. The heard rhythm mostly conforms to but sometimes departs from or modifies the expected rhythm

39
Q

Hexameter

A

A metrical line containing 6 feet

40
Q

Iamb

A

A metrical foot consisting of one unaccented syllable followed by one accented syllable

41
Q

Imagery

A

The representation through language of sense experience

42
Q

Internal rhyme

A

A rhyme in which one or both of the rhyme words occurs within the line

43
Q

Irony

A

A situation or a use of language involving some kind of incongruity or discrepancy

44
Q

Verbal irony

A

A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant

45
Q

Dramatic irony

A

And incongruity or discrepancy between what a character says or thinks and what the reader knows to be true or between what a character perceives and what the author intends the reader to perceive

46
Q

Situational irony

A

A situation in which there is an incongruity between appearance and reality, or between expectation and fulfillment, or between the actual situation and what would seem appropriate

47
Q

Italian sonnet

A

A sonnet consisting of an octave rhyming ABBAABBA and of a sestet using any arrangement of two or three additional rhymes such as CDCDCD or CDECDE

48
Q

Masculine rhyme

A

A rhyme in which the repeated accented vowel sound is in the final syllable of the words involved

49
Q

Metaphor

A

A figure of speech in which an implicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike

50
Q

Meter

A

The regular patterns of accent that underlie metrical verse; the measurable repetition of accented and unaccented syllables in poetry

51
Q

Metonymy

A

A figure of speech in which some significant aspect or detail of an experience is used to represent the whole experience.

52
Q

Synecdoche

A

One part represents the entire object described

53
Q

Monometer

A

A metrical line containing 1 foot

54
Q

Octave

A

And eight line stanza. The first eight lines of a sonnet, especially one structured in the manner of an Italian sonnet

55
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

The use of words that supposedly mimic their meaning in their sound

56
Q

Overstatement

A

A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used in the service of truth

57
Q

Oxymoron

A

A compact verbal paradox in which two successive words seemingly contradict one another

58
Q

Paradox

A

A statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements

59
Q

Paradoxical situation

A

A situation containing apparently but not actually incompatible elements.

60
Q

Personification

A

A figure of speech in which human attributes are given to an animal, an object, or a concept

61
Q

Phonetic intensive

A

A word whose sound, by an obscure process, to some degree suggest its meaning.

62
Q

Point of view

A

The angle of vision from which a story is told.

63
Q

Third-person limited pov

A

The author tells the story using the third person, but is limited to a complete knowledge of one character in the story and tells us only what that one character thinks, feels, sees, or hears

64
Q

First person pov

A

The story is told by one of its characters, using the first person

65
Q

Objective point of view

A

The author tells the story using the third person, but is limited to reporting what the characters say or do

66
Q

Quatrain

A

A four line stanza. A four line division of a sonnet marked off by its rhyme scheme.

67
Q

Refrain

A

A repeated word, phrase, line, or group of lines, normally at some fixed position in a poem written in stanzaic form

68
Q

Rhetorical pause

A

A natural pause, unmarked by punctuation, introduced into the reading of a line by it’s reading or syntax

69
Q

Rhetorical poetry

A

Poetry using artificially eloquent language, that is, language to highflown for its occasion and unfaithful to the full complexity of human experience

70
Q

Rhythm

A

Any wavelike recurrence of motion or sound

71
Q

Rhyme

A

The repetition of the accented vowel sound and all succeeding sounds of important or importantly position words

72
Q

Rhyme scheme

A

Any fixed pattern of rhymes characterizing a whole poem or its stanzas

73
Q

Run-on line

A

A line which has no natural speech pause at its end, allowing the sense to flow uninterruptedly into the succeeding line

74
Q

Scansion

A

The process of measuring metrical verse, that is, of marking accented and unaccented syllables, dividing the lines into feet, identifying the metrical pattern, and noting significant variations from that pattern

75
Q

Sentimental poetry

A

Poetry that attempts to manipulate the reader’s emotions in order to achieve a greater emotional response than the poem itself really warrants

76
Q

Sestet

A

A six line stanza. The last six lines of a sonnet structured on the Italian model

77
Q

Simile

A

A figure of speech in which an explicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike. The comparison is made explicit by using such words or phrases as like, as, than, similar to, resembles, or seems

78
Q

Sonnet

A

A fixed form of 14 lines, normally iambic pentameter, with a rhyme scheme conforming to or approximating one of two main types: the Italian or the English

79
Q

Spondee

A

A metrical foot consisting of two syllables equally or almost equally accented

80
Q

Stanza

A

A group of lines whose metrical pattern and usually its rhyme scheme as well is repeated throughout a poem

81
Q

Symbol

A

Something that means more than what it is; an object, person, situation, or action that in addition to its literal meaning suggests other meanings as well

82
Q

Synesthesia

A

Presentation of one sense experience in terms usually associated with another sensation

83
Q

Tercet

A

A three line stanza exhibited in terza rima and villanelle as well as in other poetic forms

84
Q

Terza rima

A

And interlocking rhyme scheme with the pattern ABA BCB CDC etc.

85
Q

Tetrameter

A

A metrical line containing 4 feet

86
Q

Theme

A

The central idea or unifying generalization implied or stated by a literary work

87
Q

Tone

A

The writers or speakers attitude toward the subject, the audience, or herself or himself; the emotional coloring, or emotional meaning, of a work

88
Q

Trimeter

A

Metrical line containing 3 feet

89
Q

Trochee

A

A metrical foot consisting of one accented syllable followed by one unaccented syllable

90
Q

Understatement

A

A figure of speech that consists of saying less than one means, or of saying that one means with less force than the occasion warrants

91
Q

Verse

A

Metrical language; the opposite of prose

92
Q

Villanelle

A

A 19 line fixed form consisting of five tercets rhymed ABA and a concluding quatrain rhymed ABAA, with lines 1 and three of the first tercet serving as refrains in an alternating pattern through line 15 and then repeated as lines 18 and 19

AP English (1 decks)

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