Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Class Civ > Politics > Flashcards

Politics Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Roman republic begin and when did the late republic begin?

A

The Roman republic began in around 509 and the late republic went from 133 to 31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What defines a patrician?

A

Families that can trace their ancestry back to the 100 senators of Romulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who did the senate advisory body consist of and what were their roles?

A

Consuls = military
Praetors = judicial
Aediles = city
Quaestors = finances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What groups were used for voting?

A

Comitia Centuriata → 193 groups and voted for consuls and praetors
Comitia Tributa → 35 groups and voted for aediles and quaestors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were all plebians a part of?

A

The Concilium Plebis which could make a law binding on all Roman citizens and can veto people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many Tribunes were elected?

A

Ten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many senator’s were in the advisory body?

A

Roughly 600

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many quaestors were elected?

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many aediles were elected?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many praetors were elected?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did a censor do and what were the requirements?

A

You must first be a consul to be eligible. They were chosen once every 5 years and held office for 18 months. They did the census, contracts, and could promote and demote from the senate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did a dictator do and what were the requirements?

A

You must first be a consul. Consuls could pass power over to a dictator for six moths maximum before power was returned to the consuls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did a governor do and what were the requirements?

A

You must first be either a praetor or a consul. Propraetors/proconsuls stayed in their province for three years. It was a way to earn money.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How was tax collected?

A

Publicani asked censors for a contract to collect a certain amount of money, the value of which they had to pay up front before being allowed to collect it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the benefit of patronage?

A

A client had to vote for whoever their patron was voting for at elections - biased towards the wealthy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the SCU?

A

The Senatus Consultum Ultimum was a decree of the senate passed in times of crisis which allowed consuls to do whatever they deemed necessary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was unusual about Pompey’s military triumphs?

A

He was given his first triumph in 80 despite not being eligible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happened in 77 to Caesar and Pompey?

A

Caesar was captured by pirates and Pompey was granted proconsular power and imperium against Sertorius in Spain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

are my hands col

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

but are they cold

A

ysehsut up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does Cicero do in 76?

A

He gains his quaestorship in Sicily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long does Pompey go to war against Sertorius in Spain and who does he do it with?

A

77-72 with Metellus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When did Spartacus lead the Gladiatorial War?

A

73-71

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does Caesar do in 73?

A

He returns to Rome from Rhodes and joins a priesthood. He supports Pompey’s move to restore tribunician powers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What was Pompey’s second triumph awarded for and when was it given?

A

It was given to him in 71 for his victories in Spain against Sertorius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who lead the war against Spartacus and who took the credit?

A

Crassus lead the war but Pompey claimed the victory as his, leading to enmity between the two men.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who were the consuls in 70 and what did they do?

A

Pompey and Crassus were consuls and they restored the power of the tribunate, gave censors more power, and made courts equal number of senators, knights, and tribuni aerarii.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What was strange about Pompey’s consulship in 70?

A

He did not follow the traditional route of the cursus honorum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What did Cicero do in 70?

A

The Verres trial where he wrote in Verrem. His success lead to him becoming no. 1 orator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What senatorial positions do Caesar and Cicero hold in 69?

A

Caesar becomes quaestor and Cicero becomes an aedile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In what year did pirates attack Ostia and what threat did they pose?

A

They attacked in 69 and threatened the Roman grain supply.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

When was Caesar military tribune?

A

68

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does Pompey do in 67?

A

He was given a 3-year command to defeat the pirates but only took 3 months. He puts in place a programme of post war settlement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What positions did Cato and Caesar hold in 67 and why did Cato become popular with his men?

A

Cato was military tribune and gained popularity by living among his troops, eating the same food, and leading from the front. Caesar becomes quaestor and supports Pompey’s command.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What law was passed in 66 giving Pompey more power to deal with Mithridates?

A

The Manilian Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Who supported Pompey’s command in 66 and who opposed it?

A

Caesar and Cicero support his command while Cato opposed it. Pompey replaced the optimate’s choice of Lucullus, and Cicero needs Pompey’s support to become consul.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In what years did Pompey have command over the third Mithridatic war before bringing it to an end?

A

66-63

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What senatorial position did Caesar hold in 65?

A

Aedile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What did Catiline do in 65 and who supported him?

A

Catiline tried to gain the consulship but was refused so plotted to kill the new consuls, but fails. Caesar supported him.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

In 64, who do the optimates support to become a consul in 63 to prevent it from going to Catiline?

A

Cicero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What position does Cato hold in 64 and what does he do?

A

He was quaestor and worked with Caesar to prosecute people who received bounties during the Sullan proscriptions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Who would have had to go into exile if his election was unsuccessful in 63 and why?

A

Caesar because he spent a lot of Crassus’ money to get himself elected as pontifex maximus and if unsuccessful, his debts would have been called in.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What happens with Catiline in 63?

A

Catiline runs for consul in 62 but when he fails again he raises an army in the north while remaining in Rome. When this is discovered an SCU is passed by Cicero and Catiline joins his army. Five of Catiline’s co-conspirators/supporters are put to death with no trial. Catiline’s army was defeated and all were killed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Who was for executing the conspirators of Catiline and who was against it?

A

Cicero and Cato were for the execution of the conspirators. Caesar was against.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

In what year was Cicero consul?

A

63

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

In 63 who was Cato opposed to and why?

A

He was opposed to Murena’s consulship on terms of bribery and to Caesar for the same reasoning for his election as pontifex maximus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What senatorial positions did Cato and Caesar hold in 62?

A

Cato was tribune of the plebs and Caesar was praetor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What was the general opinion of the nobility towards Cato in 62?

A

He was very popular - ‘such influence was remarkable for a man who had not yet reached the praetorship or commanded an army’~ Fred Drogula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Who proposed that Pompey should return to Rome from where and who supported this decision?

A

Metellus Nepos proposed a law that Pompey should return from the eastern campaign. He is supported by Caesar.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What scandal happened in 62 and who was involved?

A

The Bona Dea scandal where Clodius was accused of sneaking into the festival disguised as a woman and is supposed to have had an affair with Caesar’s wife, Pomponia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Who supported and who opposed Clodius in relation to the Bona Dea scandal?

A

Caesar and Crassus supported him and Cicero opposed him.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Why is there animosity between Cato and Cicero and Cicero and Clodius in 62?

A

Cato tried to push an anti-bribery law but Cicero argued it was a normal part of court activity and stopped his support for Cato.
Clodius was opposed by Cicero in the Bona Dea scandal and now hates him. He later passed an act declaring that Cicero’s actions of executing people without a trial illegal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What position did Caesar hold in 61?

A

Governor of Spain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What did Cato do in 61?

A

He attempted to prevent Pompey’s triumph and delaying consular elections.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

In what year was the First Triumvirate formed?

A

60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Who were the members of the first Triumvirate and what did they all want?

A

Crassus wanted tax rebates for his publicani but was blocked by optimates. Pompey wanted land for his veterans and his eastern policies ratified. Caesar wanted the consulship in 59 and to be granted a triumph.

57
Q

Who was invited to join the First Triumvirate but refused?

A

Cicero

58
Q

What year does Clodius become a plebeian and with whose help?

A

59 with the help of Caesar.

59
Q

What laws were passed in 59 by Pompey and Caesar what were they for?

A

The Lex Campania was passed which redistributed land in Campania to 20,000 veterans and fathers of large urban families.

60
Q

When was Caesar first consul?

A

59

61
Q

Where does Caesar establish military command of in 59 and for how long?

A

In Gaul and Illyricum for 5 years.

62
Q

In what year does Clodius become a tribune and what does he do?

A

He becomes tribune in 58 and introduces a free grain handout which makes him very popular. He legalises trade guilds which Cicero had outlawed in 63. He also outlaws tactics used by Bibulus (Cato’s son-in-law) against Caesar and outlaws anyone who put Roman citizens to death without a trial; this is clearly aimed at Cicero.

63
Q

When do Clodius’ gangs begin?

A

58

64
Q

Where was Cato sent in 58 and by who? When did he return to Rome?

A

He was sent to Cyprus by Clodius. He returned in 56.

65
Q

Between which years was Caesar in Gaul for?

A

He leaves for Gaul in 58 and remains there until 50.

66
Q

Who supports Cicero’s recall and who opposes it in 57?

A

Pompey supports his recall and succeeds with the help of Milo. Cato does not support it and has enmity for quite some time with Cicero.

67
Q

What does Cicero try to do in 57?

A

He tries to have Clodius’ tribunate declared illegal but is opposed by Cato

68
Q

What senatorial position does Clodius hold in 56?

A

Aedile

69
Q

What did the Triumvirs do in 56?

A

They held the Conference of Luca where their allegiance was renewed and their consolidation of power cemented.

70
Q

What is generally agreed to have been agreed to at the Conference of Luca?

A

The First Triumvirate was renewed, Pompey and Crassus would run for consul the following year and the elections postponed until winter so that Caesar could send soldiers to vote for them, Caesar’s governorship would be extended by another five years, and Pompey and Crassus could expect major provincial command following their consulship.

71
Q

Where does Cato return from in 56?

A

Cyprus

72
Q

What was Cicero told to do in 56 and did he do it?

A

He was told to support the Triumvirs and did.

73
Q

What senatorial position did Pompey and Crassus hold in 55 and where did they have command?

A

They were both consuls. Crassus had command in Syria and Pompey had command in absentia in Spain.

74
Q

What does Cicero do in 55?

A

He was side-lined with writing but it is otium cum dignitate (leisure with dignity). He makes a strong attack on Caesar’s legislation when Caesar was consul.

75
Q

Between what years did the First Triumvirate last?

A

60-54

76
Q

In what year was Cato praetor?

A

54

77
Q

Who dies in 54 and what does this cause to happen?

A

Julia, Pompey’s wife and Caesar’s daughter, dies which leads to inimicitia.

78
Q

What was the problem in Rome in 54?

A

There were riots and Clodius and Milo’s gangs were prevalent.

79
Q

Who dies in 53 and how?

A

Crassus dies in Syria at the hands of the Parthians.

80
Q

Why were there no consuls during the first half of the year and what year was this?

A

In 53 because of the anarchy in Rome.

81
Q

When does Pompey become a massive supporter of the Optimates?

A

In 53 after the deaths of Crassus and Julia.

82
Q

When does Clodius die and how?

A

He is killed in 52 in a skirmish with Milo’s gang.

83
Q

What senatorial position does Pompey hold in 52 and why is this unusual?

A

He is sole consul which is unusual because it has only been three years since his previous consulship.

84
Q

What laws did Pompey pass as sole consul?

A

He passed laws against public violence, introduced a five year interval between urban magistracies and provincial command, and passed a law demanding that a candidate appear in person at elections.

85
Q

What was asked of Caesar in 52?

A

He was told to return to Rome and give up his imperium. He refused.

86
Q

Who supported Pompey’s appointment as sole consul?

A

Cato supported him.

87
Q

What did Cato attempt in 52?

A

He stood for the consulship in 51 but was defeated.

88
Q

What do the Optimates want and what does Caesar want in 51?

A

They want Caesar’s return from Gaul and Caesar wants his command extended so that he can stand for consul in 48.

89
Q

Who works for Caesar in 51 and what does he do in Rome?

A

Curio works for Caesar and vetoes any discussion of his recall.

90
Q

What does Pompey want in 51?

A

Pompey wants to keep the balance between the Optimates and Caesar.

91
Q

Who voted against Cicero’s triumph in 51?

A

Cato is the only vote against - he calls it ‘empty honours’.

92
Q

Where was Cicero in 51 and why?

A

He was in Cilicia as governor.

93
Q

What were Cicero’s relations like in 51?

A

He was on friendly terms with Caesar but had a dilemma as Pompey and Caesar began to fall out.

94
Q

What position did Curio hold in 50 and what did he continue to do?

A

He was tribune and vetoed any action against Caesar.

95
Q

What did Caesar propose three times through Curio to the senate and why did it not succeed?

A

Caesar proposed that both he and Pompey give up their imperium to achieve peace. 370 v. 22 voted in favour for peace.

96
Q

Who was one of the 22 optimates who voted against peace in 50?

A

Cato

97
Q

Where does Cicero return from in 50 and what does he receive?

A

He returns from his governorship in Cilicia and receives a triumph.

98
Q

Between what years did the civil war last?

A

49-45

99
Q

When did Caesar cross the Rubicon?

A

10-11th January 49

100
Q

Who were the tribunes in 49 who proposed again that Pompey and Caesar should give up imperium?

A

Antony and Cassius

101
Q

Who flees Rome when Caesar marches on Rome?

A

Pompey who is then followed by Cato

102
Q

What does Pompey do in 49?

A

He flees Rome and takes control of the Republic’s army. He has initial success against Caesar at Dyrrachium.

103
Q

What does Cato tell Pompey not to do in 49?

A

He tells him not to plunder a city that was subject to Rome and only put a Roman to death on the battlefield - clementia. This brought Pompey’s party good repute and convinced many to join him.

104
Q

Where is Cicero in 49 and what does he attempt to do?

A

He is in Rome and attempts conciliation.

105
Q

Who supports and who opposes Pompey in 49?

A

Cato and Cicero support him, Caesar opposes him.

106
Q

What happens to Pompey in 48?

A

He is beheaded in Egypt under the orders of Ptolemy XIV.

107
Q

When was the battle of Pharsalus?

A

48

108
Q

Who offered who command of the fleet in 48 and what were the consequences?

A

Cato offered Cicero command who refused. Pompey’s son then tries to kill Cicero but Cato saves him.

109
Q

Where does Cato go in 48?

A

He sails to Africa where he finds himself at the head of an army of 10,000.

110
Q

What happens to Cicero in 48 under Antony’s orders?

A

He is under arrest at Brundisium for a year.

111
Q

Who wins the battle of Pharsalus?

A

Caesar

112
Q

What position does Caesar have after winning(?) the civil war and what does he do?

A

He is dictator and follows a policy of clemency rather than proscriptions like Sulla. He increases the number in the senate to around 900.

113
Q

When was the battle of Thapsus?

A

46

114
Q

Who was the victor of the battle of Thapsus and what was the consequence?

A

Caesar was the victor against Cato who committed suicide rather than surrender.

115
Q

How did Caesar feel about Cato’s death?

A

He was upset as he was willing to pardon Cato and shown him clemency.

116
Q

What does Cato do in 47 and how does he feel about it?

A

He cedes command in Africa to Scipio as a proconsul - Cato is only a propraetor - but soon regrets Scipio’s rash behaviour.

117
Q

When does Caesar die?

A

The Ides of March 44

118
Q

Who led the conspiracy to kill Caesar?

A

Marcus Brutus, Cassius Longinus, and Decimus Brutus

119
Q

What position was appointed to Caesar in 44?

A

Dictator perpetuo - dictator for life.

120
Q

Who is killed in 43 and why?

A

Cicero was killed under the orders of mark Antony in proscriptions due to his writing of the Philippics.

121
Q

When was the second triumvirate?

A

43

122
Q

Who was a part of the second triumvirate?

A

Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus - who was Caesar’s Master of the Horse.

123
Q

What was Caesar elected into in 47 and what did this mean?

A

He was elected into all priesthoods which meant that he had great influence over state religion.

124
Q

What rights were Caesar granted after the civil war?

A

He had the right to speak first in the senate, nominate Roman magistrates, the sole right to control all armies, and control over all public money. The month of Quinctilis was renamed Julius (July), statues of him were placed with the statues of the kings of Rome, he was permitted to use a gilded chair and a laurel crown on special occasions. In 44 his head appeared on Roman coins.

125
Q

Who did Caesar name as his heir in his will?

A

Gaius Octavius who was his grand-nephew.

126
Q

What brings the civil war to an end and in what year?

A

The Battle of Munda in 45

127
Q

What was Caesar planning to do in 44?

A

He planned to leave Rome to fight the Parthians in Persia which could be justified by the death of Crassus and that a governor sent by Caesar was prevented from taking up his post by Parthian raids. He could be gone years.

128
Q

Why was Cicero not involved in the plot to kill Caesar?

A

The conspirators thought he would find it difficult to hold his tongue.

129
Q

What were Cicero’s views on Octavian?

A

He believed that Octavian is young enough to listen to him and restore the republic. Cicero didn’t trust Octavian when they first met, but Caesar’s veterans welcomed him. He begins to praise Octavian, believing he could manipulate him into doing what he wants for the republic.

130
Q

What did Caesar do that made him popular with the public after his death?

A

He left every Roman citizen 75 denarii (1/3 what a Roman soldier would earn a year) in his will. The public turn against the conspirators.

131
Q

What did Octavian do to make him popular with the public?

A

He borrowed money to pay the 75 denarii to the Roman citizens and put on games at his own expense.

132
Q

What did Antony first think of Octavian?

A

Antony greeted Octavian with a cold reception and blocked his adoption and refused to hand over Caesar’s money.

133
Q

Who did Octavian go to for support against Antony?

A

Caesar’s veterans and persuades two of Antony’s legions to leave him.

134
Q

When is Octavian given proconsular imperium and why?

A

The Republicans had no armies in Rome and had to rely on Octavian’s protection against Antony. He was given imperium over an army in 43 for the rest of his life.

135
Q

Why did Octavian join Antony?

A

The senate wanted to get rid of Octavian so he moved over to Antony’s side and demanded the consulship, which the Senate refused.

136
Q

What did Octavian do when the senate refused his demands?

A

He marched on Rome and seized the treasury and organised consular elections, which he won.

137
Q

What did Octavian do as consul in 43?

A

He revoked Antony’s exile, tried Caesar’s murderers, and legalised his adoption.

138
Q

What is the first thing the second Triumvirate do?

A

Carry out ‘a savage campaign of proscription’ (Bradley) to pay their armies. Around 300 senators were killed.

Class Civ (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions