Pollination And Fertillisation Flashcards
Define pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
What is the value of pollination to humans
Vital for the production of fruit crops and seed crops
What is the main reason for pollinators to visit flowers
To get food in the form of pollen and nectar
How do flowers and pollinators have a mutual benefit
Flowers get pollinated and pollinators get food
What is the variety of pollinators
- Insect pollinators
- Bird pollinators
What are some adaptions of insect pollinated flowers
- Large petals with often landing platform
- Nectar guides as insect vision isn’t good
- Sweet scent
- Sticky pollen grains
What are some adaptions of bird pollinated flowers
- Large quantity of dilute nectar
- Bigger
- Often red
- No scent
- Make pollen grains
Why is wind pollination not an efficient method
Vast quantities of pollen must be produced in order for some of it to land on a receptive stigma of the right species
What are some adaptions of wind pollinated flowers
- No scent
- Flowers placed very high on plant
- Usually very small
- Move freely in the wind
- Large anthers
- Long and feathery stigmas
What is fertilization
The combining of nuclei of a male and female gamete to form a zygote
What happens to the ovule after fertilization
1) The zygote grows into an embryo inside the ovule
2) The rest of the ovule forms the endosperm that surround the ovule
3) The outer layer forms hard, dry protective layer called the testa
4) The mature ovule is now a seed
What happens to the ovary after fertilization
Ovary grows and encloses and protects the seed. The mature ovary and seeds is now called fruit
What are the 2 stages of a male gametes journey
1) Male gamete is carried in a pollen grain to the stigma
2) The gamete moved in the pollen tube to the female gamete
What is a pollinator
Animals that move pollen from anther to stigma, to allow for fertilization
What is co-evolution in pollination
Flowers get pollinated and pollinators get food
