polymers

Question 1

what are the three condensation polymers

Answer 1

polyamides- diamines and dicarboxylic acids
poylesters- diols and dicarboxylic acids
polypeptides -proteins

Question 2

what happens in a condensation polymerisation?

Answer 2

2 different functional groupsjoin and water is emitted

Question 3

show a polyamide bond?

Answer 3

dicarboxylic acid + diamine
O O O O H
II II II II I
HO-C - R - C -OH + H2N - R - N2H -> HO-C - R - C- N - R - N2H + H2O

Question 4

what is kevlar?

Answer 4

polyamide used in bulletproof vest

Question 5

how is kevlar formed?

Answer 5

condensation reaction with benzene 1-4 dicarboxylic acid and 1-4 diambenzene
O O
II II H H
HO - C - benzene - C -OH + H-N - benzene - N H

            O                    O  H                     H
   HO - C - benzene -C -H - benzene - N H   + h2o

Question 6

kevlar repeating unit

Answer 6

O O
II II H H
— C - benzene -C - N - benzene -N —- n 2nh20

Question 7

what is nylon 66?

Answer 7

polyamide used in ropes formed in a condensation reaction between hexanedioc acid + 1,6diaminohexane

Question 8

reaction for nylon66

Answer 8

O O O O
II II H H II II H H
HO C- (Ch2)4 -C - OH + H-N -(CH2)6-N H -> HO-C (Ch2)4-C -N -(CH2)4-N H +h2O

Question 9

nylon 66 repeating unity

Answer 9

O O
II II H H
-C -(Ch2)4-C - N -(CH2)6 - N - +2nh20

Question 10

how are poly esters made?

Answer 10

condensation reaction between dicarboxylic acid + diol making esters

Question 11

what is tyrelene?

Answer 11

polymer made from condensation reaciton of benzene 1-4 dicarboxylic acid and ethand1,2iol used in clothes

Question 12

reaction to form tyrelene?

Answer 12

O O O O
II II II II
HO-C - C6H6 -C-OH + OH-(CH2) -OH -> HO - C - C6H6 -C -O - (CH2)2-C -OH +h2o

Question 13

what is the structural difference between condensation polymers and additional polymers?

Answer 13

condensation polyermers have polar bonds which encourage dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonds.making them stronger than additional polymers.this makes them susceptible to nucleophillic attacks making them biodegradable
additional polymers are normaly non polarand hence dont degrade well

Question 14

what is a landfill?

Answer 14

method of disposal for polymers/plastics that are non recyclable to difficult to seperate

Question 15

negatives of landfill

Answer 15

when waste deconmposes it produces methane which is a greenhas gouse
it also requires a lot of land and is therefore expensive

Question 16

what is inceration?

Answer 16

burning waste. This method can also produce energy which can be used for electricity ect

Question 17

negatives for inceration?

Answer 17

can release harmfull gases e.g toxic hcl

this is combatetd by flue gas scrubbers which act as a base and neutralise acids

Question 18

how are plastics recycled?

Answer 18

plastics aare made from crude oil which is non renewable.reusing placts stops the dependency on curde oil
they can be recycled by cracking which breaks polymers down to their monomers
or remoulded into new objects

Question 19

advantages of recycling?

Answer 19

produces less co2
preservers renewable energy dtores e.g crude oil
saves land as landfills are not in use
cheaper to recycle than make

Question 20

disadvanage of recyle

Answer 20

difficult to remake the exact plastic
difficult to recycle due to large variety
sorting them is exoensive compared to inceration

Question 21

Describe an experiment in which you could compare the biodegradability of
these two objects.

Answer 21

reflux with NaOH
no reaction= low biodegrability
if hydrolysis occurs then it is biodegradable